Joseph Lee (recreation advocate)

Joseph Lee (1862 – 1937) was a wealthy Bostonian, who trained as a lawyer but never practiced law, and is considered the "founder of the playground movement." He was the son of Henry Lee, a Boston banker, and Elizabeth Perkins Cabot Lee of Brookline, Massachusetts. He was a social worker, author, and philanthropist. Lee believed that community life could be strengthened by playgrounds and play. Lee was also a proponent of eugenics and a major financial supporter of the Immigration Restriction League, a Boston-based group that promoted race-based eugenics as a basis for restricting immigration from eastern and southern Europe.[1][2]

This article is about a recreation advocate. For other people named Joseph Lee, see Joseph Lee (disambiguation).
Joseph Lee
BornMarch 8, 1862
Boston, Massachusetts
Died1937
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHarvard and Harvard Law School
OccupationSocial Activist, Philanthropist
ChildrenJoseph Lee Jr.

Background

In 1897, Lee married Margaret Cabot. They had four children. Margaret Cabot Lee died in 1920 and Lee remarried his secretary, Marion Snow, in 1930. Lee's daughter, Susan Lee, was active in her father's work and later served as vice-president of the National Recreation and Park Association. His son, Joseph Lee Jr. helped establish the Massachusetts Committee to Further Outdoor Recreation and the Boston Board of Recreation and served as chairman of the Boston Park Commission and Boston School Committee.

Lee founded the Massachusetts Civic League and served as its President from 1897–1937. He was an active officer in the Immigration Restriction League from 1905 until his death in 1937. He served as president of the National Recreation Association from 1910 until the time of his death.

"For the one political cause to which this friend of the common man [Lee] devoted the most time, money and sheer fervor for more than twenty years was the movement to restrict immigration."[3] Lee was the primary financial underwriter for the Immigration Restriction League, which conducted meetings regularly at his home. Lee "feared that 'all Europe might soon be 'drained of Jew--to its benefit no doubt but not ours.' And in a letter to one of his closest associates he declared that the Catholic Church is a great evil'; revealed his fear that the United States might 'become a Dago nation'; and needed only six words to explain the necessary preventive strategy: 'I believe in exclusion by race.'" [4] He hired James Patten to serve as a lobbyist for the Immigration Restriction League, who was in contact with Lee almost daily.[5][6] Lee also was in direct contact with his cousin, Henry Cabot Lodge, the Senator from Massachusetts, to propose literary tests and additional fees to restrict immigration. [7] In the effort to pass the Emergency Quota Act of 1921, Lee wrote to Lodge, "I don't know why we shouldn't discriminate, but if it is a sin, I think the proper thing would be to suspend all immigration."[8]

During the first World War he served as president of the War Camp Community Service for the U.S. Army. For this service he was decorated with the Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army) in 1919.[9]

Lee was among the first recipients of the Boy Scouts of America Silver Buffalo Award in 1926.[10]

References
  1. Okrent, Daniel. The Guarded Gate. Scriber, New York, 39-41, 116-18, 136-37 ((2019)
  2. https://www.harvardmagazine.com/2016/03/harvards-eugenics-era
  3. Okrent, Daniel, The Guarded Gate, 41.
  4. Okrent, Daniel, The Guarded Gate, 41.
  5. Okrent, Daniel, The Guarded Gate, 104-05.
  6. https://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/107/110141/ch19_a1_d1.pdf
  7. Okrent, Daniel, The Guarded Gate, at 175
  8. Okrent, Daniel, The Guarded Gate, 331.
  9. War Department General Order No. 73, 1919.
  10. The Massachusetts Historical Society. Library: Collection Guides: Joseph Lee

Further reading
  • Butler, George Daniel (1965). Pioneers in Public Recreation. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Burgess Publishing. OCLC 420183.
  • Glassberg, David (1980). "Restoring a "Forgotten Childhood": American Play and the Progressive Era's Elizabethan Past". American Quarterly. 32 (4): 351–368. JSTOR 2712457.
  • Hardy, Stephen; Ingham, Alan G. (1983). "Games, Structures, and Agency: Historians on the American Play Movement". Journal of Social History. 17 (2): 285–301. JSTOR 3786903.
  • Hartsoe, Charles; Sanders, M. Douglas; Bridgers, Meredith, eds. (2009). Profiles in leadership: Robert W. Crawford Recreation and Park Hall of Fame. Champaign, Illinois: Sagamore Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57167-539-2.
  • Marsden, K. Gerald (March 1961). "Philanthropy and the Boston Playground Movement, 1885-1907". Social Service Review. 35 (1): 48–58. JSTOR 30016817.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.