Joseph Pilates

Joseph Hubertus Pilates (9 December 1883 – 9 October 1967) was a German physical trainer, and notable for having invented and promoted the Pilates method of physical fitness.

Joseph Hubertus Pilates
Born	9 December 1883 Mönchengladbach, Germany
Died	9 October 1967 (aged 83) New York City, U.S.
Known for	Developing pilates

Biography

Early life

Joseph Hubertus Pilates was born 9 December 1883 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, who was born in Greece, was a metal worker and enthusiastic gymnast, and his German-born mother was a housewife.[1][2]

Pilates was a sickly child. He suffered from asthma, rickets, and rheumatic fever, and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. He was introduced by his father to gymnastics and body-building, and to martial arts like jiu-jitsu and boxing.[3] By the age of 14, he was fit enough to pose for anatomical charts. Pilates came to believe that the "modern" life-style, bad posture, and inefficient breathing lay at the roots of poor health. He ultimately devised a series of exercises and training techniques, and engineered all the equipment, specifications, and tuning required to teach his methods properly.

Early boxing, circus and self-defense trainer career

Pilates was originally a gymnast and bodybuilder, but when he moved to England in 1912, he earned a living as a professional boxer, a circus-performer, and a self-defense trainer at police schools and Scotland Yard.

Internment during World War I

During World War I, the British authorities interned Pilates, along with other German citizens, in Lancaster Castle, where he taught wrestling and self-defense, boasting that his students would emerge stronger than they were before their internment. Pilates studied yoga and the movements of animals and trained his fellow inmates in fitness and exercises. It was there that he began refining and teaching his minimal-equipment system of mat exercises that later became "Contrology". He was then transferred to another internment camp at Knockaloe on the Isle of Man. During that involuntary break, he began to intensively develop his concept of an integrated, comprehensive system of physical exercise, which he himself called "Contrology".[4] Some of the early use of Pilates's exercise methods included rehabilitation of seriously injured veterans.[5]

After World War I, Pilates returned to Germany and collaborated with important experts in dance and physical exercise such as Rudolf Laban. In Hamburg, he trained police officers.

Move to the US and marriage

Around 1925, Pilates immigrated to the United States.[6] On the ship to America, he met his future wife Clara. The couple founded a studio in New York City and directly taught and supervised their students well into the 1960s. "Contrology", related to encouraging the use of the mind to control muscles, focusing attention on core postural muscles that help keep the body balanced and provide support for the spine. In particular, Pilates exercises teach awareness of breath and of alignment of the spine, and strengthen the deep torso and abdominal muscles.[7]

Joseph and Clara Pilates soon established a devoted following in the local dance and performing-arts community of New York. Well-known dancers such as George Balanchine, who arrived in the United States in 1933, and Martha Graham, who had come to New York in 1923, became devotees and regularly sent their students to the Pilates for training and rehabilitation. His exercise regimen built flexibility, strength and stamina. Soon after it became known that ballerinas were attending the Pilates gym on 8th Avenue, society women followed.

One of the ballerinas was Romana Kryzanowska, who become Pilates' protege. Kryzanowska started Pilates at the age of 16 following an ankle injury. Pilates said of her, "she's a natural". Kryzanowska was named a helper and started teaching Pilates alongside Pilates and his wife. Toward the end of his life, Pilates named Kryzanowska as the director of The Pilates Studio. Kryzanowska and her daughter continued to operate Pilates' original studio. Jay Grimes believes that nobody knows Joseph Pilates' work better than Kryzanowska.

Joseph Pilates wrote several books, including Return to Life through Contrology and Your Health, and he was also a prolific inventor, with over 26 patents cited.[8]

Joseph and Clara had a number of disciples who continued to teach variations of his method or, in some cases, focused exclusively on preserving the method and the instructor-training techniques they had learned during their studies with Joseph and Clara.

Death

In 1967, Joseph Pilates died in New York of advanced emphysema,[9] aged 83.

Books

• Your Health by Joseph H. Pilates (1934)
• Return to Life Through Contrology by Joseph H. Pilates and William J. Miller (1945)
• Joseph Hubertus Pilates; William John Miller (1960). Return to Life Through Contrology. Christopher Pub. House. Reprint of 1945 book
• "The Pilates Pamphlet: Return to Life Through Contrology" by Joseph H. Pilates and Frederick Rand Rogers (1957)

In popular culture

• Joseph Pilates is featured in the 2013 documentary film A Movement of Movement made by Mark Pedri.

References

1. Eva Rincke, Joseph Pilates, p.14-17.
2. http://www.jillianhessel.com/pilates_biography.html
3. Rincke, Eva. "Gymnastic Roots". Joseph Pilates. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
4. "Pilates inventor honoured with giant class at Manx WW1 internment camp". 10 September 2016 – via www.bbc.co.uk.
5. "Wounded Warriors – Pilates for Veteran Soldiers". 1 November 2019.
6. "Joseph Pilates, Life and Biography". www.easyvigour.net.nz.
7. "41 Top Reasons Why Pilates is Good for Your Health". 29 April 2016.
8. "FPO IP Research & Communities". www.freepatentsonline.com.
9. "Joseph Pilates, Life and Biography". www.easyvigour.net.nz. Retrieved 28 January 2020.

External links

• English-German blog of Pilates-biographer Eva Rincke in which she shares background information on her research on Joseph Pilates' life.