Kamchatka-Kurile taiga

The 'Kamchatka-Kurile taiga’ ecoregion (WWF ID:PA0604) is a "conifer island" in the middle of the Kamchatka Peninsula, along the Kamchatka River. It is the easternmost example of Siberian taiga. The region has unusual ecological conditions, a "snow forest" that combines low temperatures, high humidity and boreal forest with heavy snowfall. The local ecology is also affected by volcanic activity.[1] The region is about 300 km long (north-south), and averages about 100 km west-east.[2] It is in the Palearctic realm, and mostly in the Boreal forests/taiga ecoregion with a humid continental climate, cool summer climate. It covers 147,064 km² (56,782 sq mi).[3][4][5][6]

Ecoregion: Kamchatka-Kurile taiga
Kamchatka River, which runs through the middle of the ecoregion
Ecoregion territory (in purple)
Ecology
Realm	Palearctic
Biome	Boreal forests/taiga
Geography
Area	147,064 km^2 (56,782 sq mi)
Country	Russia
State	Kamchatka Krai
Elevation	800 - 1500 meters
Coordinates	56°15′N 160°15′E
Rivers	Kamchatka River
Climate type	Dfc
Soil types	Andesols, Gleysols

Location and description

The ecoregion is situated in the central valley of the Kamchatka Peninsula, between the Sredinny Mountains to the west (these form the main ridge down the middle of the peninsula), and the Eastern Mountains to the east. The parallel mountain ranges average about 3,500 feet in height, and drop abruptly to the valley floor of the Kamchatka River that flows between them.[7][8] The river plain is wet and alluvial, the soils are andosols (black volcanic) and gleysols (soils of saturated groundwater).[9] The ecoregion is surrounded by the Kamchatka Mountain tundra and forest tundra and Kamchatka-Kurile meadows and sparse forests ecoregions. The ecoregion is at relatively high latitudes (55 to 57 degrees N).

Climate

The climate of the ecoregion is Humid continental climate, cool summer ((Dfc)). The climate is slightly more continental than the coastal and mountain areas, and is capable of supporting very marginal agriculture, mostly pastoral.[7] The area is overcast much of the time - Kamchatka has one of the highest levels of cloud cover in the world, with precipitation averaging over 15 days per month. The peninsula is affected by the cool current in the Sea of Okhotsk to the west, and the East Kamchatka Current that flows SW down the east coast in the Pacific Ocean.[1]

Climate, 56.25 N, 160.25 W
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D     2.1     5 −11     1.6     8 −8     1.5     15 −2     1.6     26 12     1.7     39 25     1.9     51 34     2.7     59 42     3.1     57 41     2.4     49 34     2.7     36 22     2.6     19 5     2.2     8 −6 Average max. and min. temperatures in °F Precipitation totals in inches Source: GlobalSpecies.org[10]
Metric conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     53     −15 −24     41     −14 −22     38     −9 −19     41     −4 −11     43     4 −4     48     11 1     69     15 5     79     14 5     61     10 1     69     2 −5     66     −7 −15     56     −13 −21 Average max. and min. temperatures in °C Precipitation totals in mm

The growing period is 90 to 119 days.[9] There is no permafrost in the ecoregion, due to the warmer summers and snow cover in the winter.[1]

Flora

At the lowest elevations are forests of Daurian larch (L. cajanderi), Yezo spruce (Picea jezoensis) and Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla).[1] Stone birch (Betula ermanii) is also found in the area.[11]

Fauna

The region is well known for large populations of Kamchatka brown bear, the largest bear in Eurasia. Other distinctive species include the snow ram, the northern deer, the Black-capped marmot (Marmota kamtschatica), and a subspecies of sable (Martes zibellina) specific to Kamchatka. The rivers of the region are important spawning grounds for migratory fish - all species of salmon are found on the island.[1]

Protections

There are no federal-level protected areas in the ecoregion.[3]

Threats

The central valley forests have been under logging pressure for centuries. It is estimated that only 2.1% of the forest is in its original state, but increased conservation activity is bringing more of the area under protection.[1]

Urban areas and settlements

There are no cities in region, and only a handful of settlements. There is a road that runs along the Kamchatka River, and a small airport at the town of Kozyrevsk; otherwise the area is very sparsely populated.

References

1. Jones, Vivienne (2015). "The Geography of Kamchatka". Global and Planetary Change. 134: 3–9. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2015.06.003.
2. "Kamchatka-Kurile taiga". World Wide Ecoregion Profile. National Geographic. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 29 July 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
3. "Kamchatka-Kurile taiga". Digital Observatory for Protected Areas. Retrieved October 20, 2020.
4. "Map of Ecoregions 2017". Resolve, using WWF data. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
5. Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006. "World Map of Koppen-Geiger Climate Classification Updated" (PDF). Gebrüder Borntraeger 2006. Retrieved September 14, 2019.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
6. "Dataset - Koppen climate classifications". World Bank. Retrieved September 14, 2019.
7. Gibson, James R. Feeding the Russian Fur Trade: Provisionment of the Okhotsk Seaboard and the Kamchatka Peninsula. ISBN 978-0-299-05234-8. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
8. "Kamchatka-Kuril taiga". WWF Global. World Wildlife Federation. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
9. "Land Use - Kamchatka-Kuril taiga". GlobalSpecies. GlobalSpecies.org. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
10. Center point of ecoregion
11. Takahashi, Koichi (Oct 1, 2001). "Stand Structure and Regeneration in a Kamchatka Mixed Boreal Forest". Journal of Vegetation Science. 12 (5): 627–634. doi:10.2307/3236902. JSTOR 3236902.

External links