Kert campaign

The Kert campaign (Spanish: campaña del Kert) was a conflict in northern Morocco between Spain and insurgent Riffian harkas led by Mohammed Ameziane, who had called for a jihad against the Spanish occupation in the eastern Rif. It took place between 1911 and 1912.

Kert campaign
Date24 August 1911 – 15 May 1912
Location
Eastern Rif, Morocco
Territorial
changes		 Consolidation of the Spanish-controlled territory in Kelaïa east of the river Kert
Belligerents
Spain Riffians
Commanders and leaders
José García Aldave
Agustín Luque
Dámaso Berenguer
Salvador Díaz (kia)		 Mohammed Ameziane (kia)
Units involved
Spanish Army
Regulares
Riffian harkas		 Riffian harkas
Casualties and losses
500 killed
1,900 wounded		 Unknown

History

The campaign saw the introduction of the tropas regulares indígenas ("native regular troops"), created by Dámaso Berenguer on 30 June 1911.

The campaign followed a revolt initiated by Mohammed Ameziane, caïd of Segangan, who had called for a jihad and had attacked both Spanish and tribes friendly to them.[1][2] After an attack on a group of Spanish military personnel undertaking topographic works at a position near Ishafen (near the river Kert) the Spanish campaign formally started on 24 August.[3] A Spanish column had been however already shot on 30 June.[4]

Spanish convoy heading for Imaroufene

Following a visit to Melilla, Spanish War Minister Agustín Luque took control of the operations on 7 October, and the struggles brought numerous losses to both sides, 64 death and 204 wounded on the Spanish side.[5] On 14 October 1911 General Salvador Díaz Ordóñez was killed in action and a column commanded by General Navarro had 33 deaths and 105 wounded.[5]

The Spanish forces took the position of Al Aaroui (Monte Arruit) on 18 January 1912.[6]

The Spanish ended the campaign following the killing of Ameziane by native regulares on 15 May 1912.[1][7] The Spanish losses by that time amounted to about 500 killed and 1,900 wounded.[8] The Spanish control line was extended to the river Kert and the new boundaries for the Spanish-occupied territory entailed the annexation of the Berber tribes of Ait Sidel and Ait Bu-Gafar.[9]

Citations and references

Citations
  1. León Rojas (2018), p. 52.
  2. Requejo Gómez (2017).
  3. Ramos Oliver (2013), p. 176.
  4. Gajate Bajo (2012), p. 267.
  5. Barrio Jala (2002), p. 45.
  6. Barrio Jala (2002), p. 46.
  7. Macías Fernández (2013), p. 61.
  8. Gajate Bajo (2012), p. 268.
  9. Martínez Antonio (2006), p. 224.

References
  • Barrio Jala, Manuel del (2002). "Nuestros Generales en el Norte de África" (PDF). Ejército. Madrid: Ministry of Defence. LXIII (732): 41–51. ISSN 0013-2918.
  • Gajate Bajo, María (2012), Las campañas de Marrueco y la opinión pública. El ejemplo de Salamanca y su prensa (1906-1927) (PDF), Madrid: Instituto Universitario General Gutiérrez Mellado, ISBN 978-84-615-9842-7
  • León Rojas, José (2018). "Tarifa y las Campañas de Marruecos (1909-1927)". Aljaranda. Tarifa: Ayuntamiento de Tarifa. 1 (92). ISSN 1130-7986.
  • Macías Fernández, Daniel (2013). "Las campañas de Marruecos (1909-1927)". Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar. 2 (3).
  • Martínez Antonio, Francisco Javier (2006). "Tangerian Ghosts and Riffian Realities: The Limits of Colonial Public Health in Spanish Morocco (1906–1921)". In Nelson, M.C. (ed.). Occupational Health and Public Health: Lessons from the Past, Challenges for the Future (PDF). Sweden: National Institute for Working Life. pp. 180–250. ISBN 91-7045-810-3. ISSN 0346–7821 Check |issn= value (help).
  • Ramos Oliver, Francisco (2013). "Las guerras de Marruecos" (PDF). Entemu. Gijón: UNED Centro Asociado de Asturias: 165–185. ISBN 978-84-88642-16-5. ISSN 1130-314X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-27.
  • Requejo Gómez, José Antonio (2017). Los Regulares en la Guerra de África. Valencia: Real Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana.
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