Kim Peek

Laurence Kim Peek (November 11, 1951 – December 19, 2009) was an American savant. Known as a "megasavant",[1][2][3] he had an exceptional memory, but he also experienced social difficulties, possibly resulting from a developmental disability related to congenital brain abnormalities. He was the inspiration for the character Raymond Babbitt in the 1988 movie Rain Man. Although Peek was diagnosed with autism and severe intellectual disability, he is now thought to have had FG syndrome.[4][5] The Utah Film Center’s Peek Award is meant to honor his legacy.[6]

Laurence Kim Peek
Peek on January 16, 2007
Born
Laurence Kim Peek

(1951-11-11)November 11, 1951
Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.
DiedDecember 19, 2009 (aged 58)
Murray, Utah, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Known forMegasavant
Parent(s)Fran Peek, Jeanne W. Buchi

Early life

Laurence Kim Peek was born in Salt Lake City, Utah,[7] with macrocephaly,[5] damage to the cerebellum, and agenesis of the corpus callosum,[8] a condition in which the bundle of nerves that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is missing; in Peek's case, secondary connectors such as the anterior commissure were also missing.[5] There is speculation that his neurons made unusual connections due to the absence of a corpus callosum, resulting in an increased memory capacity.[9][10] According to Peek's father, Fran (Francis) Peek, Kim was able to memorize things from the age of 16–20 months. He read books, memorized them, and then placed them upside down on the shelf to show that he had finished reading them, a practice he maintained all his life. He could speed through a book in about an hour and remember almost everything he had read, memorizing vast amounts of information in subjects ranging from history and literature, geography and numbers to sports, music and dates. Peek read by scanning the left page with his left eye, while reading the right page with his right eye. According to an article in The Times newspaper, he could accurately recall the contents of at least 12,000 books.[7] Peek lived in Murray, Utah, and spent a considerable amount of his time reading at the Salt Lake City Library and demonstrating his capabilities at schools, with great help from his father.[11]

Peek did not walk until he was four years old, and even then in a sidelong manner.[9] He could not button up his shirt and had difficulty with other ordinary motor skills, presumably due to his damaged cerebellum, which normally coordinates motor activities. In psychological testing, Peek yielded superior ability in the performance subtests and limited ability in the verbal subtests, resulting in his overall IQ of 87 not being considered a valid measure of his cognitive ability.[12]

Rain Man

In 1984, screenwriter Barry Morrow met Peek in Arlington, Texas; the result of the meeting was the 1988 Academy Award winning film Rain Man. The character of Raymond Babbitt, although inspired by Peek, was depicted as being autistic. Dustin Hoffman, who portrayed Babbitt in the film, met Peek and other savants to get an understanding of their nature and to play the role as accurately and methodically as possible. The movie led to a number of requests for appearances, which increased Peek's self-confidence. Barry Morrow gave Peek his Oscar statuette to carry with him and show at these appearances; it has since been referred to as the "Most Loved Oscar Statue"[13] because it has been held by more people than any other. Peek also enjoyed approaching strangers and showing them his talent for calendar calculations by telling them on which day of the week they were born and what news items were on the front page of major newspapers that day. Peek also appeared on television. He travelled with his father, who took care of him and performed many motor tasks that Peek found difficult.[9]

Scientific investigation

In 2004, scientists at the Center for Bioinformatics Space Life Sciences at the NASA Ames Research Center examined Peek with a series of tests including computed tomography (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The intent was to create a three-dimensional view of his brain structure and to compare the images to MRI scans performed in 1988. These were the first tentative approaches in using non-invasive technology to further investigate Kim's savant abilities.[14]

A 2008 study concluded that Peek probably had FG syndrome, a rare X chromosome-linked genetic syndrome that causes physical anomalies such as hypotonia (low muscle tone) and macrocephaly (abnormally large head).[5]

Appearances
  • The Boy with the Incredible Brain, a BBC documentary
  • Brainman, a Discovery Channel documentary
  • Inside the Rain Man, a Discovery Channel documentary
  • Everything You Need to Know – The Brain, a Discovery Channel documentary
  • Human Computer, a Discovery Channel documentary
  • Medical Incredible, a Discovery Health Channel documentary
  • The Real Rain Man, a Discovery Health Channel documentary premiered on November 26, 2006
  • Ripley's Believe It or Not!
  • CNN interview by Richard Quest
  • Focus Productions. "The Real Rain Man". Extraordinary People. Season 2006-07. RTL Group. Five. Archived from the original on March 1, 2006.
  • World's Smartest People on The Learning Channel
  • Kim and his father were speakers at the inaugural meeting of the Athanasius Kircher Society.[15]
  • Speaker at the Oxford Union
  • 60 Minutes
  • Accidental Genius, a National Geographic Channel documentary
  • Superhuman, "Genius" episode, a Science Channel special premiered on November 7, 2008
  • Den Riktiga Rain Man (The Real Rain Man), a Swedish documentary that was aired July 6, 2006 on Sweden's channel four (TV-4)
  • Michael Vey 4

"Cameo appearance in Rain Man movie at 2:06:30 -2:06:41. Man leaving Amtrak train station as Tom Cruise and Dustin Hoffman enter train station."

Death

Peek died of a heart attack at his home on December 19, 2009, aged 58.[11][13] His father, Fran, died on April 5, 2014, aged 88.[16]

Tributes

Barry Morrow put his own Oscar statuette on permanent loan to Salt Lake City in memory of Kim Peek, and put forward the money for the Peek Award, which "pays tribute to artists, media makers, and film subjects who are positively impacting our society's perception of people with disabilities" and is given out by the Utah Film Center.[17]

Further reading

References
  1. "'Rain Man' reigns in Casper". Casper Star-Tribune. March 14, 2003. Retrieved July 21, 2009. The difference between a savant and a megasavant like Peek is that Peek has nearly total recall in around 14 to 15 different subject areas, according to literature written by Peek's father, Fran Peek.
  2. "About Kim Peek, Megasavant". York Daily Record. November 4, 1994. Retrieved July 21, 2009. Kim Peek is a megasavant who has memorized vast numbers of facts about more than a dozen subjects. He has brain damage, which occurred before birth.
  3. "NASA studies mega-savant Peek's brain". USA Today. Associated Press. 2004. Retrieved July 21, 2009. The 54-year-old Peek is called a "mega-savant" because he is a genius in about 15 different subjects, from history and literature and geography to numbers, sports, music and dates.
  4. Weber B (December 26, 2009). "Kim Peek, inspiration for 'Rain Man,' dies at 58". The New York Times. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
  5. Opitz JM, Smith JF, Santoro L (September 2008). "The FG syndromes (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man 305450): perspective in 2008". Adv Pediatr. 55 (1): 123–70. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2008.07.014. PMID 19048730.
  6. Roka, Les. "Utah Film Center's 7th Peek Award honors Dina, Sundance award-winning documentary | The Utah Review".
  7. "Kim Peek: savant who was the inspiration for the film Rain Man". The Times. December 23, 2009. Retrieved December 23, 2009.
  8. "The Real Rain Man", documentary by Focus Productions, Bristol, England, UK, 2006.
  9. "Savant Syndrome". Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2004.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Wisconsin Medical Society.
  10. "Kim Peek - The Real Rain Man". Wisconsin Medical Society. Archived from the original on September 16, 2008.
  11. Stephenson, Kathy. "Kim Peek, Murray man who inspired 'Rain Man', dies" Archived May 12, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, The Salt Lake Tribune. December 22, 2009.
  12. Darold A. Treffert; Daniel D. Christensen (December 23, 2009). "Inside the Mind of a Savant". Scientific American.
  13. Weber, Bruce (December 27, 2009). "Kim Peek, Inspiration for 'Rain Man,' Dies at 58". The New York Times.
  14. "NASA Studying 'Rain Man's' Brain". Space.com. Associated Press. November 8, 2004.
  15. "Video from Kircher Society extravaganza".
  16. "Kim Peek - The Real Rain Man - savant syndrome". Wisconsinmedicalsociety.org. Retrieved June 27, 2018.
  17. "Peek Award: DINA - Utah Film Center".
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