Landscape architect

A landscape architect is a person who is educated in the field of landscape architecture. The practice of landscape architecture includes: site analysis, site inventory, site planning, land planning, planting design, grading, storm water management, sustainable design, construction specification and ensuring that all plans meet the current building codes and local and federal ordinances.[1] The title landscape architect was first used by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park.

Business card for Humphry Repton by Thomas Medland

Australia

The Australian Institute of Landscape Architects (AILA) states that "Landscape Architects research, plan, design and advise on the stewardship, conservation and sustainability of development of the environment and spaces, both within and beyond the built environment".[2] This definition of the profession of landscape architect is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations, International Labour Office,[3] Geneva.

Some notable Australian landscape architects include Catherin Bull,[4][5] Kevin Taylor,[6] Richard Weller[7]Richard Weller, Peter Spooner,[8] Doris Brown,[9] Grace Fraser, Bruce Mackenzie,[10] William Guilfoyle, Ina Higgins, Edna Walling and Ellis Stones.

To become a recognised professional landscape architect in Australia, the first requirement is to obtain a degree in landscape architecture accredited by the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects. After at least two years of recognised professional practice, graduates may submit for further assessment to obtain full professional recognition by AILA.

United Kingdom

The Landscape Institute is the recognised body relating to the field of Landscape Architecture throughout the UK. To become a recognised landscape architect in the UK takes approximately seven years. To begin the process, one has to study an accredited course by the Landscape Institute to obtain a bachelor's degree in Landscape Architecture or a similar field. Following this one must progress onto a Postgraduate Diploma in the field of Landscape Architecture covering the subject in far greater detail such as mass urban planning, construction and planting. Following this, the trainee must complete the Pathway to Chartership,[11] a challenging but very rewarding program set out by the Landscape Institute. Following this, one is awarded a full Landscape Architect title and becomes a Chartered Member of the Landscape Institute (CMLI.)

United States

The United States is the founding country of the formal profession named landscape architecture. Those in this field work both to create an aesthetically pleasing setting and also to protect and preserve the environment in an area. The actual activities however are common to most human cultures around the globe for several millennia. In the U.S. a need to formalize the practice and name were resolved in 1899 with the formation of the American Society of Landscape Architects. A few of the many talented and influential landscape architects that have been based in The United States are: Frederick Law Olmsted, Beatrix Farrand, Jens Jensen, Ian McHarg, Thomas Church, Arthur Shurtleff, John Nolen, and Lawrence Halprin. Robert Royston summed up one American theme:

Landscape architecture practices the fine art of relating the structure of culture to the nature of landscape, to the end that people can use it, enjoy it, and preserve it.

Work scope
An example of landscape architecture. (The Italian Garden, Gardens of the world, Berlin-Marzahn, Germany)

The following is an outline of the landscape architect's typical scope of service:[12]

  1. Developing new or improved theories, policy and methods for landscape planning, design and management at local, regional, national and multinational levels.
  2. Developing policies and plans and implementing and monitoring proposals for conservation and recreation areas such as national parks.
  3. Developing new or improved theories and methods to promote environmental awareness and undertaking planning, design, restoration, management and maintenance of cultural and/or historic landscapes, parks, sites and gardens.
  4. Planning, design, management, maintenance and monitoring functional and aesthetic layouts of built environment in urban, suburban, and rural areas including private and public open spaces, parks, gardens, streetscapes, plazas, housing developments, burial grounds, memorials; tourist, commercial, industrial and educational complexes; sports grounds, zoos, botanic gardens, recreation areas and farms.
  5. Contributing to the planning, aesthetic and functional design, location, management and maintenance of infrastructure such as roads, dams, wind farms and other energy and major development projects.
  6. Undertaking landscape assessments including environmental and visual impact assessments to prepare policies or inform new developments.
  7. Inspecting sites, analyzing factors such as climate, soil, flora, fauna, surface and subsurface water and drainage; and consulting with clients and making recommendations regarding methods of work and sequences of operations for projects related to the landscape and built environment.
  8. Identifying and developing appropriate solutions regarding the quality and use of the built environment in urban, suburban and rural areas and making designs, plans and working drawings, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules.
  9. Monitoring the realisation and inspecting the construction of proposals to ensure compliance with plans, specifications of work, cost estimates and time schedules.
  10. Conducting research, preparing scientific papers and technical reports, developing policy, teaching, and advising on aspects regarding landscape architecture such as the application of geographic information systems, remote sensing, law, landscape communication, interpretation and landscape ecology.
  11. Project management of large scale landscape planning and design projects including management of other consultants such as engineers, architects and planners.
  12. Acting as an expert witness in Development and Environment Courts

Further reading
  • What is Landscape Architecture American Society of Landscape Architects profiles landscape architecture
  • Exploring Landscape Architecture Interviews with Australian landscape architects discussing their work.
  • AILA Celebrates 50 Years. History of landscape architecture in Australia
  • Kerb 15. Landscape Urbanism. Launched by Charles Waldheim, April 2007. Content includes articles and interviews from Charles Waldheim, Mohsen Mostafavi, Alejandro Zaera-Polo (FOA), Kathryn Gustafson, Bart Brands and Richard Weller.

See also

References
  1. "What Is Landscape Architecture? | asla.org". www.asla.org. Retrieved 2020-07-27.
  2. Inc., Advanced Solutions International. "Home". www.aila.org.au.
  3. International Labour Force (2012). "International Standard Classification of Occupations" (PDF).
  4. "PROF Catherin Bull - The University of Melbourne". findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au.
  5. "Dr Catherin Bull AM".
  6. "A tribute to Kevin Taylor". ArchitectureAU. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
  7. Richard Weller
  8. "Peter Spooner: Architect shaped attitudes to landscape design". 10 November 2014 – via The Sydney Morning Herald.
  9. Proudfoot, Helen. Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University – via Australian Dictionary of Biography.
  10. "Design With Landscape by Bruce Mackenzie on iBooks". iBooks.
  11. landscapeinstitute.org Archived 2008-09-15 at the Wayback Machine
  12. Australian Institute of Landscape Architects: March 2005
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