Leinster Gardens

Leinster Gardens is a street in Bayswater, London. It is lined with tall, ornate, mid-Victorian terraced houses, many of which are listed buildings.

Archetypal houses on the west side of Leinster Gardens
The left-hand 1850s-built property (No. 22) is inhabited. The right-hand one (No. 23) is only a façade. The "windows" are painted grey and the door is false.
Rear of façade — a tunnel opening, spanning girders and railway tracks

Layout

Leinster Gardens is mostly made up of a half-lined avenue lined with tall, ornate, mid-Victorian terraced houses, which include a number of listed buildings.[1] Its thoroughfare status has been curtailed as the road allows only a right-turn into arterial Bayswater Road to the south. Late-twentieth-century apartments built as social housing flank its northern and de facto southern ends. The southern end has shorter Victorian buildings than Leinster Gardens, of yellow brick with white casements and simpler dressings. The southern part of the road is named Leinster Terrace.[2]

Leinster Terrace's east side is Craven Hill Gardens and Lancaster Gate with one exception, its first numbers. These are today in its centre, 16, 17 and 17A: one of which is a listed public house, the Leinster Arms.[3] The street starts opposite Hyde Park with the side elevations of Porchester Lodge/Lancaster Corner (synonym: 100-101 Bayswater Road) which is listed in the middle category (Grade II*) and is marked with a blue plaque to once long-resident writer J. M. Barrie (d.1937) who wrote Peter Pan.[4][5] Adjacent, on the west side of the street, is Hyde Park Towers, an eight-storey, dark-brick, Art Deco-inspired block with hexagonal and lozenge projections. This is behind a narrow band of trees, shrubs and railings. Beyond this are shophouses of yellow-brown then yellow brickwork with a crowning cornice (ledge), other white dressings and sash windows (19-34 consecutive), many of which face the main front of Corringham, an architecturally listed, glass-heavy residential block officially in Craven Hill Gardens, designed by Kenneth Frampton (born 1930, in later life, Ware Professor of Architecture at Columbia University), behind which is a private garden.[6][7] These shophouses are flanked by one-storey restaurants (nos. 18 and 35). A broad alley marks the end of the Leinster Terrace section of the street.

Toponymy
Main articles: Paddington; Connaught Place, London; and Duke of Leinster

Many Victorian road names in London, apart from Craven Hill, named after owner William Craven, 3rd Baron Craven, are tributes to titles of Dukes, senior Earls, Marquesses and members of the Royal Family. Princes Square and symmetrical, facing Leinster Square are about 500 metres to the north-west of the north end of the street.

Paddington (in which parish grew the newer settlements of Bayswater, Little Venice, Maida Vale and Westbourne) began a trend of names after the provinces of Ireland: Munster, Leinster, Connaught and Ulster. Much of the land belonged to the Bishop of London and his lessees, resulting in necessary Building Acts (of Parliament) in 1804. A policy of regulated subletting to ensure high quality housing ensued. "The success of the policy was ultimately shown, both in the grandeur of the first new houses in Connaught Place c. 1807 and in the elegance of the terraces put up over the next thirty years."[8]

False houses

The street's listed building middle section has two false houses. These are façades built to match their neighbours: front walls, lightly projecting ionic column-sided porches topped by balustraded balconies,[9] upper-storey sash windows, windows flanked by fluted, half-diameter (semi-circular profile) Corinthian columns and pedimented, higher windows, corniced (white-ledged) with individual balustraded balconies. They are maintained by Transport for London. The false houses — numbers 23 and 24 — have no rooms behind and were built later than their neighbours in the late 1850s. Their building accompanied the 1860s building of what was a steam engine-hauled underground line, the Metropolitan Railway. The false houses hide a short area of uncovered tracks.[9][10][11] The result is the illusion of unbroken terraced row of houses between 22 and 25.

Before electrification the locomotives serving the London Tube were fitted with condensers to reduce the furnaces' carboniferous smoke. Drivers vented off accumulated smoke and condensation in open-air sections.[12] In this upmarket area, the railway company hid this from residents using the frontages incorporated into the prestigious terrace,[13] The façade is 5 feet (1.5 m) thick,[14] behind which is a ground-level opening of the rail line. The façade includes 18 dark-greyed windows and front doors with no letter boxes.[12][15]

The façade of 23 and 24 played a part in the BBC TV series Sherlock, being used in the episode "His Last Vow".[16]

See also

References
  1. Historic England. "32-48 Leinster Terrace and accompanying maps (1221943)". National Heritage List for England.
  2. Street Index City of Westminster (Westminster City Council). Accessed 2018-03-14
  3. Historic England. "Leinster Arms Public House - Grade II (1221949)". National Heritage List for England.
  4. Historic England. "Porchester Lodge/Lancaster Corner - Grade II* architectural listing (1218088)". National Heritage List for England.
  5. T F T Baker, Diane K Bolton and Patricia E C Croot, 'Paddington: Bayswater', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington, ed. C R Elrington (London, 1989), pp. 204-212. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp204-212
  6. "Welcome to Corringham". Corringham.eu. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  7. Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1031567)". National Heritage List for England.
  8. T F T Baker, Diane K Bolton and Patricia E C Croot, 'Paddington: Building after c.1800', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington, ed. C R Elrington (London, 1989), pp. 182-185. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp182-185
  9. Historic England. "NUMBERS 19 TO 22 (CONSECUTIVE), INCLUDING NUMBER 19A AND SCREEN WALL FORMING EQUIVALENT OF NUMBERS 23 AND 24 (1221942)". National Heritage List for England.
  10. Day, John R. (1979) [1963]. The Story of London's Underground. London Transport. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-85329-094-0.
  11. Croome, Desmond F. (2003). The Circle Line - an Illustrated History. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-85414-267-2.
  12. Slocombe, Mike (January 2007). "Dummy houses in the heart of London". London Landmarks. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  13. William, Hywel. "Cut & Cover Disused Stations". London Underground History. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  14. Simpson, Bill (2003). A History of the Metropolitan Railway. 1. Witney: Lamplight. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-899246-07-6.
  15. Cooper, Nick (2004–2005). "23/24 Leinster Gardens". Hidden City. Archived from the original on 7 April 2007. Retrieved 12 April 2007.
  16. "Sherlock Locations: Leinster Gardens". londonist.com. Londonist. 13 January 2014. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
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