Leonilla Bariatinskaya

Leonilla Ivanovna Bariatinskaya, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn (Russian: Леонилла Ивановна Барятинская; 9 May 1816 – 1 February 1918), was a Russian aristocrat who married Ludwig, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn. She was the subject of a number of portraits by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.

Leonilla Bariatinskaya
Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1849
Born	9 May 1816 Moscow, Russian Empire
Died	1 February 1918 (aged 101) Lausanne, Switzerland
Spouse	Ludwig, Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn ​ ​ (m. 1834; died 1866)​
Issue	4
Full name Leonilla Ivanovna Bariatinskaya, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn
Father	Prince Ivan Bariatinsky
Mother	Countess Marie Wilhelmine von Keller

Life and family

Princess Leonilla Ivanovna Bariatinskaya was born on 9 May 1816 in Moscow. She was a daughter of Prince Ivan Ivanovich Bariatinsky, a member of one of the most influential families of the Russian nobility, and granddaughter of Princess Catherine of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck. Her mother was Countess Marie Wilhelmine von Keller, daughter of Count Christoph von Keller, a German diplomat, and Countess Amalie Louise zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Ludwigsburg.

On 23 October 1834, Leonilla married her cousin and one of the Tsar's aides de camp, Prince Ludwig zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (1799–1866), at Castle Marino, Kursk Governorate. Ludwig was a Russian aristocrat of German descent, who was known in Russia as Lev Petrovich Wittgenstein. He was the eldest son of Peter, 1st Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg-Ludwigsburg, and a Polish noblewoman, Antonia Cäcilie Snarska. Ludwig had been previously married to Princess Stefania Radziwill, who bequeathed to him, on her early death, a large estate in central Europe and two children: Peter (who died without issue), and a daughter Marie, who married Prince Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Chancellor of the German Empire.[1]

Leonilla and Ludwig had four children. Her beauty created an impression at the Russian court, but her husband fell from favor, perhaps because his liberal treatment of his serfs. They left Russia in 1848. Ludwig received, as a present from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia, the former family seat Sayn Castle, which had been destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. With the purchase of a former knight's manor in Sayn, he gained the title of Prince (Fürst) zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn.

They had extensive landholdings in Russia. Among their properties were Pavlino, Kamenka, south of Kiev, and Werki, in what is now Lithuania. Leonilla, who converted to Catholicism from Russian Orthodoxy, preferred Rome and Paris, where she witnessed the pillage of the Tuileries in 1848. The princely family moved from country to country with the seasons, taking with them their children, pets, servants and tutors.

Ludwig and Leonilla had the former Baroque manor of the Counts of Boos-Waldeck below Sayn Castle reconstructed into a princely residence in Gothic Revival style. Their youngest son Alexander married Yvonne, daughter of the French Duke of Blacas, and inherited Sayn after the morganatic marriages of his older brothers Peter, Friedrich and Ludwig. After his wife's early death, he remarried and spent his life as Count of Hachenburg in the former family residences in Hachenburg and Friedewald in the Westerwald. Princess Leonilla held a monarchist and Catholic salon and died in 1918 at the age of 101 at her villa of Mon Abri on Lake Geneva, Switzerland.[1]

Conversion to Roman Catholicism

On June 24, 1847, with the consent of her husband, Leonilla converted from Orthodoxy to Catholicism. His Christian faith had always influenced her. Once she was widowed, she devoted even more to philanthropic works[2] and philanthropy.[3]

In 1876, at a time when the exercise of the Catholic faith was not yet fully authorized in the canton of Vaud, she built on her property a private chapel, which became in 1912 the parish church of the Sacred Heart of Ouchy.[4] Her funeral was held in this church on February 5, 1918.[5]

Winterhalter's portraits

Leonilla Bariatinskaya Princess of Sayn Wittgenstein Sayn (1843), oil on canvas, 142 × 212 cm, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

Known for her great beauty and intellect, Leonilla was the subject of a number of portraits by Franz Xaver Winterhalter.[1] The most famous of these is the one currently at the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles. It is signed and dated in 1843 in the pillar on the right. Winterhalter opted for a daring portrait, unusual in his oeuvre, both in conception and format.[1]

Leonilla appears reclined on a low Turkish sofa on a veranda overlooking a lush tropical landscape, possibly the Wittgenstein palace in the Crimea, even though the portrait was painted in Paris. Her pose is reminiscent of harem scenes and odalisque. It was probably inspired by Jacques-Louis David's portrait of Madame Récamier (1800) and Ingres's Grande Odalisque (1819). Leonilla is wearing a luxurious gown of ivory silk moiré, with a pink sash around her waist. A deep purple mantle wraps around her back and falls across her arms. She gazes languidly at the viewer while she toys with the large pearls around her neck in an indolent gesture, reinforcing the sensuality of the model. Winterhalter contrasted the sumptuous fabrics and vivid colors against the princess's alabaster flesh to heighten the sensuality of the pose, the model, and the luxuriant setting.[1]

The oval portrait is also signed but not dated. Its dimensions are 97 × 79 cm, and it still belongs to the princess's descendants. It was painted years earlier, probably in 1836 in Rome, when Winterhalter met the Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn and her husband and made portraits of both of them. Leonilla appears wearing a loose bodice, blue-lined with scarlet, over a white skirt.[6] She has a black lace scarf draped around her shoulders. She is wearing pearl earrings and necklace. She is seated, with one hand in her lap, the index finger of the other rest on her chin in a confident gesture.[6]

Notes

1. Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, ISBN 0-8109-3964-9, p. 185.
2. Marcelle Dalloni, The heart of Christian Valais. The Sisters of Saint-Maurice in Valais, Friborg, Imprimerie Saint-Paul-Friborg, 1952, p. 103-104]
3. Gilles Simond, "May 6, 1916: the princess will celebrate its centenary in Lausanne" 24 Hours, May 6, 2016 (https://m.24heures.ch/articles/5728c00cab5c37082a000001)
4. on www.sacrecoeur.ch
5. Bernard Secretan, Church and Catholic life in Lausanne nineteenth century to today, Lausanne, Vaud Historical Library, 2005, 357 p. (ISBN 2884541276), p. 300-304
6. Ormond & Blackett-Ord, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, p. 189.

References

• Ormond, Richard, and Blackett-Ord, Carol, Franz Xaver Winterhalter and the Courts of Europe, 1830–70, Exh. cat. National Portrait Gallery, London, 1987. ISBN 0-8109-3964-9.