Lionel Abel

Lionel Abel (28 November 1910- 19 April 2001, in Manhattan, New York)[1] was an eminent Jewish American[2] playwright, essayist and theater critic. He was also a translator, and was an authorized translator of Jean-Paul Sartre, who called Abel the most intelligent man in New York City.

Lionel Abel
Born	November 19, 1910 Brooklyn, New York City, New York
Died	April 19, 2001 (aged 90) Manhattan, New York City, New York
Occupation	Dramatist
Notable works	Metatheater

His first success was a tragedy, Absalom, staged off-Broadway in 1956 and winner of the Obie award.[3] It was followed by three other works of drama, before he turned to criticism. He is best known for coining the term metatheatre in his book of the same title.[4]

He was one of the signers of the Humanist Manifesto II.[5]

Biography

Born in Brooklyn, Abel was the son of Alter Abelson, a rabbi and poet, and of Anna Schwartz Abelson, a writer of short stories. His brother, Raziel Abelson (1921–2017) was a professor emeritus of philosophy at New York University; he also had two sisters.

He graduated from high school at the age of fourteen and moved out of his parents' home when he was fifteen, also shortening his name around this time. He attended St. John’s University in New York from 1926 to 1928, and then transferred to the University of North Carolina,[1] which he attended from 1928 to 1929.[6] However, he was expelled for publishing a magazine and never earned a college degree. Afterwards, he moved to Greenwich Village in New York.

In 1939, he married Sherry Goldman, whom he later divorced. In 1970, Abel married Gloria Becker.

Career

Despite never obtaining a college degree, he was offered a professor position at the State University of New York at Buffalo because of his writings.[3] After teaching appointments at Columbia and Rutgers Universities and at the Pratt Institute, he concluded his academic career in the English Department of the University at Buffalo, before retiring to New York City.

He is also the author of several important translations from the French, including texts by André Breton and Guillaume Apollinaire. A lively and sometimes cantankerous polemicist, he counted numerous members of his generation's intellectual elite among his friends and sparring partners, including Delmore Schwartz, Meyer Schapiro, Clement Greenberg, Robert Lowell, Randall Jarrell, Lionel Trilling, James Agee, Mary McCarthy, Hannah Arendt, Leslie Fiedler and Elizabeth Hardwick.

Criticism of Hannah Arendt

Abel was a vocal participant in the heated debate that followed the publication of Arendt's notable and controversial work Eichmann in Jerusalem, criticizing the work in "an outright frontal assault" [7] published in the Partisan Review,[8] the subsequent responses and counter-responses continued and appeared in several issues that followed. Dissent Magazine organised a public event for detractors and supporters of Arendt's work to discuss their position, which was attended by a packed audience of 500 people. Abel was invited to participate and accepted, though Arendt herself did not attend. The event quickly veered away from calm discussion and was marked by frequent interruptions. Later recountings described it variably as "passionate and exciting", "unruly", or as "ugly and outrageous, yet also urgent and afire", with attendees speaking in support of Arendt's work claiming they were "shouted down" and prevented from speaking their views. Raul Hilberg, who attended as a speaker, later described how: "I was not allowed to finish. A panelist [Lionel Abel] pounded on the table with his fist. His banging, magnified by the microphone, was followed by a cascade of boos. ", and that the rest of the event consisted of audience responses in which audience members took to the microphone and proceeded to berate and disparage the participants speaking in support of Arendt.[7] In a 1995 response letter to an article concerning Arendt by Tony Judt, both published in the NYRB, Abel expressed regret for having participated in the Dissent Magazine-organized event, stating that "It was not proper to address complex ideas as the Dissent meeting tried to do. " [9]

Awards

Abel received a Guggenheim fellowship in 1958, a Longview award in 1960, an award from the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1964, and a Rockefeller Foundation grant in 1966. His play "Absalom" won an Obie award as the best play of the 1956 Off-Broadway season and a Show business award.

Works

Dramas

• "The Death of Odysseus" (New York, Amato Theatre, 1953)
• "Absalom" (New York, Artist's Theatre, 1956)
• "The Pretender" (New York, Cherry Lane Theatre, 1960)
• "The Wives" (New York, 1960)

Criticism

• Metatheatre; a new view of dramatic form (1963)
• Our first serious fascist? (1980)
• The Intellectual Follies: A Memoir of the Literary Venture in New York and Paris (1984)
• Sidney Hook's career: (the philosopher in politics) (1985)
• Important Nonsense (1987)
• Tragedy and Metatheatre: Essays on Dramatic Form (2003)

Anthology

• Moderns on Tragedy: An Anthology of Modern and Relevant Opinions on the Substance and Meaning of Tragedy (1967)

Translations

• Camille Pissarro: Letters to His Son Lucien

References

1. Reisman, Rosemary M. Canfield. "Lionel Abel." Salem Press Biographical Encyclopedia (2013): Research Starters. Web. 11 July 2014.
2. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (2004). Hannah Arendt: For Love of the World. Yale University Press. p. 360. ISBN 0-300-10588-6.
3. Van Gelder, Lawrence (April 25, 2001). "Lionel Abel, 90, Playwright and Essayist". The New York Times.
4. Lionel Abel (2003). Tragedy and metatheatre: essays on dramatic form. Holmes & Meier. ISBN 978-0-8419-1352-3.
5. "Humanist Manifesto II". American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2012.
6. Lionel Abel. n.p.: Gale, 2001. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 July 2014.
7. The Eichmann Polemics: Hannah Arendt and Her Critics, Democratiya 9
8. Partisan Review, Summer 1963 Issue.
9. Letter to NYRB, May 11th 1995 Issue