List of Indus Valley Civilisation sites

Over 1400 Indus Valley Civilization sites have been discovered,[1] of which 925 sites are in India and 475 sites in Pakistan,[2] while some sites in Afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies.[3] Only 40 sites are located on the river Indus and its tributaries and around 1,100 (80%) sites sites are located on the plains between rivers Ganges and Indus.[2] The oldest site of Indus Valley Civilization, Bhirrana[4] and the largest site, Rakhigarhi[5] are located in Indian state of Haryana. More than 90% of the inscribed objects and seals discovered were found at ancient urban centres along the Indus river in Pakistan, mainly Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.[6][7] More than 50 IVC burial sites have been found, main sites among those are Rakhigarhi (first site with genetic testing), Sanauli, Farmana, Kalibangan, Lothal, Dholavira, Mehrgarh, Harappa, and Mohenjo-daro.[8]

List of Indus Valley sites discovered

This is a List of Indus Valley Civilization discoveries.

Site	District	Province/State	Country	Image	Excavations/Findings
Alamgirpur	Meerut District	Uttar Pradesh	India		Impression of cloth on trough
Amri, Sindh	Dadu District	Sindh	Pakistan		Remains of rhinoceros
Babar Kot	Saurashtra	Gujarat	India		A stone fortification wall,[9] plant remains of millets & gram.[9][10]
Balu, Haryana	Kaithal	Haryana	India		Earliest evidence of garlic.[11] Several plant remains were found here include various types of barley, wheat, rice, horse gram, green gram, various types of a pea, sesamum, melon, watermelon, grapes, dates, garlic, etc. (Saraswat and Pokharia - 2001-2)[9] which is comparable to a nearby IVC site Kunal, Haryana revealed remains of rice (probably wild).
Banawali	Fatehabad District	Haryana	India		Barley, terracotta figure of plough
Bargaon	Saharanpur District[12]	Uttar Pradesh	India
Baror	Sri Ganganagar district	Rajasthan	India		Human skeleton, ornaments, 5 meter long and 3 meter clay oven, a pitcher filled with 8000 pearls[13]
Bet Dwarka	Devbhoomi Dwarka district	Gujarat	India		Late Harappan seal, inscribed jar, the mould of coppersmith, a copper fishhook[14][15]
Bhagatrav	Bharuch District	Gujarat	India
Bhirrana	Fatehabad District	Haryana	India		Graffiti of a dancing girl on pottery, which resembles a dancing girl statue found at Mohenjo-Daro
Chanhudaro	Nawabshah District	Sindh	Pakistan		Bead making factory, use of lipstick,[16] only Indus site without a citadel
Daimabad Late Harappan	Ahmadnagar District	Maharashtra	India		A sculpture of a bronze chariot, 45 cm long and 16 cm wide, yoked to two oxen, driven by a man 16 cm high standing in it; and three other bronze sculptures.[17] Southernmost IVC site
Desalpur in Nakhtrana Taluka,	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Massive stone fortification, Harappan pottery, three script bearing seals; one of steatite, one of copper and one of terracotta.[18]
Dholavira	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Figure of chariot tied to a pair of bullocks and driven by a nude human, Water harvesting and number of reservoirs, use of rocks for constructions
Farmana	Rohtak District	Haryana	India		Largest burial site of IVC, with 65 burials, found in India
Ganweriwala		Punjab	Pakistan		Equidistant from both Harappa and Mohenjodaro, it is near a dry bed of the former Ghaggar River. It is a site of almost the same size as Mahenjodaro. It may have been the third major center in the IVC as it is near to the copper-rich mines in Rajasthan.
Gola Dhoro	kutch district	Gujarat	India		Production of shell bangles, semi-precious beads, etc.
Harappa	Sahiwal District	Punjab	Pakistan		Granaries, coffin burial, lot of artifacts, important Indus Valley Civilization town, the first town which is excavated and studied in detail
Hisar mound inside Firoz Shah Palace	Hisar District	Haryana	India		Unexcavated site
Hulas	Saharanpur District	Uttar Pradesh	India
Juni Kuran	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		fortified citadel, lower town, public gathering area[19]
Jognakhera	Kurukshetra	Haryana	India		Copper smelting furnaces with copper slag and pot shards[20]
Kaj	Gir Somnath District	Gujarat	India		Ceramic artifacts, including bowls. Ancient port.[21][22]
Kanjetar	Gir Somnath District	Gujarat	India		Single phase Harapppan site.[21][22]
Kalibangan	Hanumangarh District	Rajasthan	India		Baked/burnt bangles, fire altars, small circular pits containing large urns and accompanied by pottery, bones of camel
Karanpura near Bhadra city	Hanumangarh district	Rajasthan	India		Skeleton of child, terracotta like pottery, bangles, seals similar to other Harappan sites [23]
Khirasara	Kutch district	Gujarat	India		Ware House, Industrial area, gold, copper, semi-precious stone, shell objects, and weight hoards
Kerala-no-dhoro or Padri	Saurashtra	Gujarat	India		Salt production centre, by evaporating sea water[24]
Kot Bala (also, Balakot)	Lasbela District	Balochistan	Pakistan		Earliest evidence of furnace, seaport
Kot Diji	Khairpur District	Sindh	Pakistan
Kunal, Haryana	Fatehabad District	Haryana	India		Earliest Pre-Harappan site, Copper smelting.[25]
Kuntasi	Rajkot District	Gujarat	India		Small port
Lakhan-jo-daro	Sukkur District	Sindh	Pakistan		major unexcavated site (greater than 300 hectares)
Larkana	Larkana District	Sindh	Pakistan
Loteshwar	Patan District	Gujarat	India		Ancient archaeological site[26]
Lothal	Ahmedabad District	Gujarat	India		Bead making factory, dockyard, button seal, fire altars, painted jar, earliest cultivation of rice (1800 BC)
Manda, Jammu	Jammu District	Jammu & Kashmir	India		northernmost Harappan site in Himalayan foothills[27]
Malwan	Surat District	Gujarat	India		Southernmost Harappan site in India[28]
Mandi	Muzaffarnagar district	Uttar Pradesh	India
Mehrgarh	Kachi District	Balochistan	Pakistan		Earliest agricultural community (7000-5000 BC)
Mitathal	Bhiwani District	Haryana	India
Mohenjo-Daro	Larkana District	Sindh	Pakistan		Great Bath (the biggest bath ghat), Great granary, Bronze dancing girl, Bearded man, terracotta toys, Bull seal, Pashupati seal, three cylindrical seals of the Mesopotamian type, a piece of woven cloth
Mundigak	Kandahar Province	Kandahar	Afghanistan
Navinal	Kutch district	Gujarat	India		[29]
Nausharo near Dadhar	Kachi District	Balochistan	Pakistan
Ongar	Hyderabad	Sindh	Pakistan
Pabumath	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		A large building complex, unicorn seal, shell bangles, beads, copper bangles, needles, antimony rods, steatite micro beads; pottery include large and medium size jars, beaker, dishes, dish-on-stand, perforated jars etc.; fine red pottery with black painted designs etc.[30]
Pir Shah Jurio	Karachi	Sindh	Pakistan
Pirak	Sibi	Balochistan	Pakistan
Rakhigarhi	Hisar District	Haryana	India		Terrecotta wheels, toys, figurines, pottery. Large site, partially excavated.
Rangpur	Ahmedabad District	Gujarat	India		Seaport
Rehman Dheri	Dera Ismail Khan	Khyber Pakhtunkhwa	Pakistan
Rojdi	Rajkot District	Gujarat	India
Rupar	Rupnagar District	Punjab	India
Sanauli[31]	Baghpat District	Uttar Pradesh	India		Burial site with 125 burials found
Sheri Khan Tarakai	Bannu District	Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa	Pakistan		pottery, lithic artifact
Shikarpur, Gujarat[32]	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Food habit details of Harappans
Shortugai	Darqad District	Takhar Province	Afghanistan
Siswal	Hisar (district)	Haryana	India
Sokhta Koh	Makran	Balochistan	Pakistan		Pottery
Sothi near Baraut	Bagpat district	Uttar Pradesh	India
Surkotada	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Bones of a horse (only site)
Sutkagan Dor	Makran	Balochistan	Pakistan		Bangles of clay, Westernmost known site of IVC[33]
Vejalka	Botad district	Gujarat	India		pottery
Kotada Bhadli	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Fortification bastion few houses foundations[34]
Allahdino	Karachi district	Sindh	Pakistan		Floor tiles of a house have been discovered at this site[35]
Nageshwar	Kutch District	Gujarat	India		Shell working site[36]
Pathani Damb	Makran	Balochistan	Pakistan		At 100 hectares, this has the potential to be another city[37]
Chapuwala	Cholistan	Punjab	Pakistan		unexcavated 9.6 hectares[38]

See also

• Timeline of Indian history
• List of archaeological sites by country
• List of archaeological sites by continent and age
• World Heritage Sites by country

References

1. McIntosh 2008, p. 39.
2. Malik, Dr Malti (2016). History of India. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. p. 12. ISBN 978-81-7335-498-4.
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4. "Excavation Bhirrana | ASI Nagpur". Archaeological Survey of India. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. Subramanian, T. S. (27 March 2014). "Rakhigarhi, the biggest Harappan site". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
6. Iravatham Mahadevan, 1977, The Indus Script: Text, Concordance and Tables, pp. 6-7
7. Upinder Singh, 2008, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India From the Stone Age to the 12th Century, p. 169
8. Astha Dibyopama, Yong Jun Kim, Chang Seok Oh, Dong Hoon Shin , Vasant Shinde, 2015,, Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 1-9.
9. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 222. ISBN 9788131711200.
10. Agnihotri, V.K.(Ed.) (1981). Indian History. Mumbai: Allied Publishers. pp. A–82. ISBN 9788184245684.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
11. Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. pp. 137, 157. ISBN 9788131711200.
12. Archaeological Survey of India Publication:Indian Archaeology 1963-64 A Review
13. "Baror near Ramsinghpur". Rajasthan patrika newspaper. 19 June 2006.
14. Rao, S. R.; Gaur, A. S. (July 1992). "Excavations at Bet Dwarka" (PDF). Marine Archaeology. Marine Archaeological Centre, Goa. 3: 42–. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
15. Gaur, A. S. (25 February 2004). "A unique Late Bronze Age copper fish-hook from Bet Dwarka Island, Gujarat, west coast of India: Evidence on the advance fishing technology in ancient India" (PDF). Current Science. IISc. 86 (4): 512–514. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
16. "Indus Valley Civilization". Archived from the original on 20 June 2012.
18. Ghosh, A., ed. (1967). "Explorations, and excavations: Gujarat: 19. Excavation at Desalpur (Gunthli), District Kutch" (PDF). Indian Archaeology 1963-64, A Review. Indian Archaeology (1963–64): 10–12. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263580655_Was_the_Rann_of_Kachchh_navigable_during_the_Harappan_times_Mid-Holocene_An_archaeological_perspective
20. Sabharwal, Vijay (11 July 2010). "Indus Valley site ravaged by floods". The Times Of India.
21. Farooqui, Anjum; Gaur, A.S.; Prasad, Vandana (2013). "Climate, vegetation and ecology during Harappan period: excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj, mid-Saurashtra coast, Gujarat". Journal of Archaeological Science. Elsevier BV. 40 (6): 2631–2647. doi:10.1016/j.jas.2013.02.005. ISSN 0305-4403.
22. Gaur, A.S.; Sundaresh; Abhayan, G.S.; Joglekar, P.P. "Excavations at Kanjetar and Kaj on the Saurashtra Coast, Gujarat". AGRIS: International Information System for the Agricultural Science and Technology. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
23. "seals found at Karanpura". dainik bhaskar Hindi newspaper. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
24. McIntosh 2008, p. 221.
25. McIntosh 2008, p. 68,80,82,105,113.
26. McIntosh 2008, p. 62,74,412.
27. India Archaeology 1976-77, A Review. Archaeological Survey of India.Page 19.
28. Singh, Upinder (2008). A history of ancient and early medieval India : from the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 137. ISBN 9788131711200.
29. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315796119_Fish_Otoliths_from_Navinal_Kachchh_Gujarat_Identification_of_Taxa_and_Its_Implications
30. Mittra, Debala, ed. (1983). "Indian Archaeology 1980-81 A Review" (PDF). Indian Archaeology 1980-81 a Review. Calcutta: Government of India, Archaeological Survey of India: 14.
31. "Archaeological Survey of India". Archived from the original on 10 May 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
32. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Maharaja Sayyajirao University, Baroda. Excavations at Shikarpur, Gujarat 2008-2009."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 25 June 2012.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
33. Possehl, Gregory L. (2003). The Indus Civilization : A Contemporary perspective ([3rd printing]. ed.). New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. pp. 79–80. ISBN 978-8178292915.
34. SHIRVALKAR, PRABODH (2012). "A Preliminary Report of Excavations at Kotada Bhadli, Gujarat: 2010-11". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 72/73: 55–68. JSTOR 43610688.
35. Indian History. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. 1930. ISBN 9781259063237. kalibangan tiles.
36. "Nageswara: a Mature Harappan Shell Working Site on the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat". www.harappa.com. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
37. "What have been the most interesting findings about the Harappan Civilization during the last two decades?". www.harappa.com. Retrieved 16 August 2018.
38. "Hidden agenda testing models of the social and political organisation of the Indus Valley tradition" (PDF).

Bibliography

• McIntosh, Jane R. (2008). The Ancient Indus Valley : New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576079072.