List of Kapitan Cina

This is a list of individuals who held the post of Kapitan Cina, a government position that existed in colonial Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. The role came with vastly varying degrees of power, depending on historical and local circumstances: from near-sovereign authority with legal, political and military powers to an honorary title for a community leader.

Kapitan Cina in Hirado, Japan

Kapitan Cina in Jakarta, Indonesia
The Majoors der Chinezen of Batavia

Hoofden der Chinezen of Batavia (present day Jakarta)

Luitenants of Bekasi, Residency of Batavia

Hoofden der Chinezen of Buitenzorg (present day Bogor), Residency of Batavia
  • Kapitein Tan Oe Ko (1829-1860)
  • Kapitein Tan Soey Tiong (1860-1866)
  • Kapitein Phoa Tjeng Tjoan (1866-1878)
  • Kapitein Tan Kong Tjan (1869-1882)
  • Kapitein Tan Goan Piauw (1878-1883)
  • Luitenant Thio Tian Soe (1869-1879)
  • Luitenant Tan Keng Boen (1878-1879)
  • Kapitan Tan Goan Pouw (1883-1891)
  • Luitenant Thio Sian Lok (1879-1886)
  • Luitenant Thio Sian Tjiang (1883-1886)
  • Luitenant Khouw Oen Tek (1886-1889)
  • Kapitein Khouw Kim Tjiang (1891-1902)
  • Luitenant Tan Tjoen Hong (1891-1893)
  • Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kiat (1892-1898)
  • Luitenant Tan Tjoen Kie (1893-1895)
  • Kapitein Oey Ban Tjie (1903-1911)
  • Luitenant Thung Tjoen Ho (1895-1911)
  • Luitenant Thung Tjeng Ho (1910-1913)
  • Kapitein Tan Tjoen Tjiang (1912-1913)
  • Luitenant Lie Tjoe Tjin (1911-1913)
  • Luitenant Lie Beng Hok (1912-1913)
  • Luitenant Tan Hong Joe (1913-1919)
  • Luitenant Tan Hong Tay (1913-1926)
  • Luitenant Tan Tjoen Lien (1914-1919)
  • Luitenant Tan Hong Yoe( 1925-1934)
  • Luitenant Tjan Soen Hay (1926-1934)

Hoofden der Chinezen of Tangerang, Residency of Batavia

Kapitan Cina in the rest of Indonesia

Hoofden der Chinezen of Bandung
  • Luitenant Oei Boen Hoen
  • Luitenant Tan Haij Liong
  • Kapitein Tan Joen Liong

Hoofden der Chinezen of Batang
  • Kapitein Souw Ban An

Hoofden der Chinezen of Manado
  • Kapitein The Tjien Tjo
  • Kapitein Sie Sieuw
  • Kapitein Ong Tjeng Hie
  • Kapitein Lie Tjeng Lok
  • Kapitein Tan Tjin Bie
  • Kapitein Oei Pek Jong
  • Kapitein Tjia Pak Liem
  • Kapitein Lie Goan Oan
  • Kapitein Tjia Goan Tjong
  • Luitenant Que Ing Hie
  • Luitenant Ong Bondjie
  • Luitenant Tan Bian Loe
  • Luitenant Tjoa Jaoe Hoei
  • Luitenant Pauw Djoe

Luitenants of Gorontalo
  • Luitenant Liem Peng Boen (林炳文)
  • Luitenant Liem Kiem Thae (林金逮)
  • Luitenant Ong Teng Hoen

Hoofden der Chinezen of Medan
  • 1890-1911 Majoor Tjong Jong Hian (张爵干)
  • 1911-1921 Majoor Tjong A Fie (张耀轩)
  • 1921-1944 Majoor Oen Gan The (溫颜鄭)

Hoofden der Chinezen of Surabaya
  • 1700s - 1778: Kapitein Han Bwee Kong
  • 1778 - 1827: Majoor Han Chan Piet
  • 1888 - 1894: Majoor The Toan Tjiak[6]
  • 1894 - 1900s: Majoor Tie Ing Tjay
  • 1904 - 1906: Majoor Tan Sing Tian (陳成典)[7]
  • 1907 - 1913: Majoor The Toan Ing[8]
  • 1914 - 1924: Majoor Han Tjiong Khing

Kapitan Cina in Malaysia

Kapitans of Sarawak

Kapitans of Kuala Lumpur

Yap Ah Loy was a Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur and is considered the founder of the city. The title was abolished in 1902, when Yap Kwan Seng died.

  • 1858–1861: Hew Siew (丘秀)
  • 1862–1868: Liu Ngim Kong (刘壬光)
  • 1868–1885: Yap Ah Loy (叶亚来)
  • 1885–1889: Yap Ah Shak (叶致英)
  • 1889–1902: Yap Kwan Seng (叶观盛)

Kapitans of Johor / Major China of Johor

Kapitans of Kuala Terengganu
  • 1736–1820 Teo Tioh Eng
  • 1782–17xx Kow Geok Seng
  • 1798–1847 Lim Eng Huat
  • 1810–18xx Kow Teck Lee
  • 18xx–18xx Low Kian Tee
  • 18xx–1899 Wee Teck Siew
  • 1xxx–19xx Kow Swee Leng

Kapitans of Malacca
  • 1572–1617 Tay Hong Yong @ Tay Kie Ki (鄭甲)
  • 1614–1688 Li Wei King @ Li Koon Chang (李為經)
  • 1662–1708 Lee Chiang Hou @ Lee Chong Kian
  • 1643–1718 Chan Ki Lock @ Chan Lak Kua
  • 1725–1765 Chan Hian Kway @ Chan Kwang Hwee
  • 1703–1784 Tan Seng Yong
  • 1748–1794 Tan Ki Hou @ Tan Siang Lian
  • 1750–1802 Chua Su Cheong @ Chua Tok Ping
  • 1771–1882 Chan Yew Liang @ Chan Keng Sin

Kapitans of Penang
  • 1787–1826 Kapitan China Koh Lay Huan (辜禮歡) was Kapitan China of Kedah, and appointed the first Kapitan China of Penang
  • 1894–1908 Cheah Ching Hui (謝清輝)
  • 1908–1918 Cheah Yong Chong (謝榮宗)

Kapitans of Perak
  • 1830–18xx Tan Ah Hun (陳亞漢)
  • 1875–1900 Chung Keng Quee (鄭景貴)
  • 1875–1899 Chin Ah Yam @ Chin Seng Yam (陳亞炎) leader of the Ghee Hin during the Larut Wars
  • 1886–1906 Khaw Boo Aun @ Khaw Ewe Kuang (許武安)
  • 1930–1935 Chung Thye Phin (鄭大平) last Kapitan China of Perak and (British) Malaya

Kapitans Cina in Singapore

Kapitans Cina of Singapore

Other Kapitans in Singapore

Other Kapitans Cina
  • Kapitein Lay Soen Hie, Kapitan of Pasar Baroe, Batavia (Jakarta)
  • Tan Ah Hun, the first Capitan China of Perak circa 1850s, father of Tan Seng Poh and father-in-law of Seah Eu Chin[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
  • Shing Kap, Capitan China of Sungei Ujong, and a Hai San headman[21][22]
  • Choa Mah Soo, Capitan China of Klias and Mempakul (circa 1869)[23][24][25]
  • Chua Su Cheong Capitan China of Dutch Malacca and father of Choa Chong Long[26]
  • Chan Yungqua, Capitan China of Malacca (18th century)[27]
  • Ah Poh, Capitan China of Lipis
  • Seah Tye Heng, Capitan China of Sekudai, Johore[28]
  • Lieu Chin-Fu, Capitan China of Pulai was the last Capitan China of Kelantan[29]
  • Tan How Seng, Capitan China of Singapore[30]
  • Li Kap or Li Kup or Lee Wei King, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca, founder of the Cheng Hoon Teng temple there and the person who donated Bukit China for use as a Chinese burial ground[31][32]
  • Wee Sin Hee, Capitan China of Terengganu[33]
  • Tin Kap or Tay Kap, Capitan China of Portuguese Malacca, said to have been the only Capitan China appointed by the Portuguese[34][35][36][37][38][39]
  • Baba Seng, Capitan China of Kedah in the 1820s[40]
  • Chan Ki Lock or Chan Kup, Capitan China of Dutch Malacca circa 1704[41]
  • Khaw Boo Aun[42]
  • Dato' Chua Tuah Soon (Chinese: 蔡大孫; pinyin: Cài Dàsūn)
  • WEE, Hee Hoon (D: 17 March 1922 at 46 yrs of age, leaving a widow and seven children), Kapitan China of Bagan Si Api Api (Indonesia)[43]
  • OEY, Teng Kiang (Murdered 17 September 1924), Kapitan China of Palembang (Indonesia).[44]
  • KOH, Kim Hin (husband of Mrs Anne Tan-Koh who died at 79 yrs of age in 1966, and father of Bishop Roland Koh), Kapitan China of Sandakan (East Malaysia).[45]
  • OEI, Leong Tan, Kapitan China of Bengkalis.[46]
  • LEE, Lei Kam, Kapitan China of Perlis.[47]
  • ONG, Boon Pang, Kapitan China of Brunei.[48]
  • PANG, Boon Ting, Pehin Kapitan China Kornia Diraja of Brunei
  • Tjoe Ten-Hien, Kapitein China of Koetaradja ,Sumatra
  • Tam Yong (father of towkay Tan Yee Man), Kapitan China of Seremban.[49]
  • Phang Tjong-Tjoen, Kapitan China of Belitoeng
  • Lee Sam, Kapitan China of Seremban.[50]
  • LIEM, Ah Pat, Capitan China of Muntok was decorated by the Dutch Government in 1910.[51]
  • KHOO Cheow Teong, (Justice of the Peace and father of Khoo Sian Ewe), Kapitan China of Tanjungbalai, Asahan.[52]
  • Khoe Hock Cho, Kapitan China of Tanjungbalai, Asahan
  • Hho Tsai Thoan, Kapitan China of Tanjungpura
  • Kwee-Aan-Kie, Kapitan China of Ambarawa
  • WEE, Chim Yean (Died 13 August 1926 leaving four sons and four daughters), Kapitan China of Bengkalis.[53][54]
  • KO, Kim Yeo, Kapitan China of Batavia.[55]
  • WEE, Boon Teng (Born in Singapore in 1864. Educated at Lye Fatt English School. Appointed Lieutenant China of Selat Panjang on the Sumatra east coast in 1890. Promoted to Capitan China in 1915 and awarded the Dutch colonial gold medal. Promoted to Majoor in 1925 prior to his retirement), Kapitan China of Selat Panjang.[56]
  • Go Hong Soen, Kapitan China of Rengat, Riau

References
  1. Adi, Windoro (2010). Batavia, 1740: menyisir jejak Betawi (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 9789792254518. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  2. VIVA (10 April 2015). "Nyai Gan Djie, Kapitan China Batavia Perempuan – VIVA" (in Indonesian). PT. VIVA MEDIA BARU. Archived from the original on 2017-12-12. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  3. Sekitar 200 tahun sejarah Jakarta, 1750-1945 (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pemerintah DKI Jakarta, Dinas Museum & Sejarah. 1979. Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2018-09-27.
  4. Chen, Menghong (2011). De Chinese gemeenschap van Batavia, 1843-1865: een onderzoek naar het Kong Koan-archief (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 9789087281335. Archived from the original on 2018-09-20. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  5. Ensiklopedi Jakarta: culture & heritage (in Indonesian). Pemerintah Provinsi Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Permuseuman. 2005. ISBN 9789798682520. Archived from the original on 2018-09-19. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  6. Kan, S.Y. "The Toan Tjiak. Stamboom Kan, Han en Tan". Genealogie Online. Archived from the original on 2018-03-29. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  7. "Soerabaijasch handelsblad, 11 May 1904". Delpher.nl. 1904.
  8. Lindsey, Tim; Pausacker, Helen (2005). Chinese Indonesians: Remembering, Distorting, Forgetting. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9789812303035. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
  9. A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 232
  10. A Gallery of Chinese Kapitans, CS Wong
  11. A portrait of Malaysia and Singapore - Page 77
  12. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 68 - Page 34
  13. Triad and Tabut: a survey of the origin and diffusion of Chinese and ... - Page 350
  14. The Straits Settlements, 1826-67: Indian presidency to crown colony - Page 259
  15. Wong Ah Fook: immigrant, builder, and entrepreneur - Page 85
  16. Singapore: wealth, power and the culture of control - Page 49
  17. The Western Malay States, 1850-1873: the effects of commercial development ... - Page 35
  18. One hundred years' history of the Chinese in Singapore - Page 21
  19. A social history of the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, 1800-1911 - Page 267
  20. Toponymics: a study of Singapore street names - Page 345
  21. Chinese secret societies in Malaya: a survey of the Triad Society from 1800 ... - Page 206
  22. Chinese epigraphic materials in Malaysia - Page 452
  23. Studies in the Social History of China and South-east Asia - Page 36
  24. Pope-Hennesy to C.O., 13 October 1869. Co. 144/20. To F.O., 1 September 1869. F.O. 12/34B. To Lord Knutsford, 25 May 1888. C.O. 133/66
  25. The Sarawak Museum journal - Page 9, 1963
  26. The Eastern seas: or, Voyages and adventures in the Indian Archipelago, in ... - Page 363
  27. European commercial expansion in early modern Asia - Page 273
  28. Opium and empire: Chinese society in Colonial Singapore, 1800-1910 - Page 195
  29. Kelantan zaman awal: kajian arkeologi dan sejarah di Malaysia By Hassan Shuhaimi bin Nik Abd. Rahman, 1987, Pg 227
  30. Ethnic Chinese in Singapore and Malaysia: a dialogue between tradition and modernity by Leo Suryadinata, 2002, Pg 86
  31. The cultural melting pot By Robert Sin Nyen Tan, 1991, Page 85
  32. Rites of belonging: memory, modernity, and identity in a Malaysian Chinese ... By Jean Elizabeth DeBernardi Page 27
  33. Growing Up in Trengganu By Awang Goneng by Monsoon Books, 2007, Page 161
  34. Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore by Jürgen Rudolph - Page 149
  35. The Baba of Melaka: culture and identity of a Chinese peranakan community in ... - Page 64
  36. The Portuguese Missions in Malacca and Singapore (1511-1958): Malacca - Page 317
  37. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volumes 11-12, 1933, - Page 1
  38. Wong, 1963: 1-2, Studies in ASEAN sociology: urban society and social change - Page 232
  39. Historical Sabah: The Chinese by Danny Tze-Ken Wong, 2005 - Page 57
  40. Wong C.S., 1963, p. 47, Reconstructing identities: a social history of the Babas in Singapore By Jürgen Rudolph, Page 38
  41. See historical Malacca in one day - Page 18 by Marcus Scott-Ross - History - 1973
  42. The overseas Chinese and the 1911 revolution, with special reference to Singapore and Malaya by Yen Ching Hwang, Qinghuang Yan, 1976, Pg 182
  43. The Straits Times 20 March 1922, Page 8
  44. The Straits Times, 29 September 1924, Page 10
  45. The Straits Times, 25 August 1966, Page 10
  46. The Straits Times, 28 July 1914, Page 9
  47. The Straits Times, 5 April 1965, Page 11
  48. The Straits Times, 25 April 1948, Page 7
  49. The Straits Times, 2 May 1933, Page 12
  50. The Straits Times, 7 August 1949, Page 4
  51. Weekly Sun, 15 October 1910, Page 4
  52. The Straits Times, 16 August 1917, Page 6.
  53. The Strtaits Times, 16 August 1926, Page 7
  54. The Straits Times, 14 August 1926, Page 8
  55. The Straits Times, 13 July 1909, Page 7
  56. The Straits Times, 30 May 1937, Page 9

Bibliography
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