List of Partisan detachments in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Yugoslav Partisans formed operational detachments (Serbo-Croatian Latin: odredi) in Bosnia and Herzegovina after the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II. These detachments were formed to conduct local operations against the occupying powers and those collaborating with them, and a total of 108 detachments were created in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. The detachments were named after a district, town, region or geographic feature, and ranged in size from 16 to 3,000 fighters. Larger detachments were usually divided into several companies or battalions. Some detachments had a very brief existence, whereas others existed for most of the war and a few were disestablished and re-established several times. Information on some small or short-lived detachments is very limited. There were also a significant number of independent battalions outside the detachment framework, but these are not included in the scope of this article.

The flag of the Partisan detachments of Bosnia-Herzegovina

Background

After the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (Serbo-Croatian: Komunistička partija Jugoslavije, KPJ) began to organise for military resistance if Germany attacked the Soviet Union. This involved the establishment of a central military committee on 10 April while the invasion was still underway, and the creation of a military committee for each of the "provinces" of Yugoslavia in late April after the surrender. These provinces were based on the historical "national" entities of the country, rather than the pre-war political divisions, or banovina which had artificially divided the "national" entities to reduce the threat of nationalism. Each province already had a Provincial Committee of the KPJ reporting to the Central Committee, so these provincial military committees were created in parallel with the party organisation. One of the "national" entities consisted of the regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which were now encompassed by the Axis puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Nezavisna država Hrvatska, NDH). The NDH also included much of present-day Croatia. The Provincial Committee for Bosnia-Herzegovina was based in Sarajevo.[1]

In late May and June 1941, members of the Provincial Committee for Bosnia-Herzegovina travelled to the oblast (regional) centres of Banja Luka in the Bosanska Krajina region, Mostar in Herzegovina, and Tuzla in the Birač region of eastern Bosnia to advise the oblast KPJ committees of the decisions of the Central Committee, and to form oblast military committees. This also occurred in Sarajevo, for an oblast military committee responsible for the Romanija region of eastern Bosnia located north of that city. Each oblast military committee formed district military committees, who in turn contacted KPJ members in towns and villages of their district to organise resistance. This pyramid-like structure mirrored the KPJ structure, and following the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June, the Central Committee met on 4 July and decided to initiate an armed uprising against the occupiers. This included the creation of a formal military structure, headed by the Chief Headquarters for the People's Liberation Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia under the leadership of Josip Broz Tito, who was also the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the KPJ.[2]

Svetozar Vukmanović, a Montenegrin member of the Central Committee was appointed to command the Provincial Military Staff for Bosnia-Herzegovina. Vukmanović was widely known by the nickname "Tempo" owing to his constant urging of his subordinates to hurry. Vukmanović-Tempo called a meeting of the Provincial KPJ Committee in Sarajevo on 13 July. This meeting appointed Iso Jovanović, the secretary of the Provincial KPJ Committee, and Boriša Kovačević as the other two members of the Provincial Military Staff for Bosnia-Herzegovina, and redesignated the four oblast military committees as "military staffs". One member of the Provincial KPJ Committee was sent to each of the three military staffs outside Sarajevo to assist them. Đuro Pucar-Stari, a native of Bosansko Grahovo in the Krajina was sent to Banja Luka, Uglješa Danilović, a native of Odžak in northeastern Bosnia was sent to Tuzla, and Avdo Humo was sent to his home town of Mostar.[3] The leaders at the district level in each region were appointed as military commissioners, and this was repeated at the village level if KPJ members or sympathisers existed.[4]

Major developments

July uprising

On 27 July, an uprising broke out in the Krajina, triggered by the ambush and killing of a Croatian Home Guard officer. This had resulted in the rounding up and maltreatment of ethnic Serb villagers in the Bosansko Grahovo district. The local KPJ structures were not ready to launch an uprising, and had no instructions to do so. They were drawn into a mass Serb uprising not of their creation, and quickly had to adapt to their circumstances.[5] The following day, an uprising broke out in the Romanija region, and this was followed by an outbreak of resistance in the Birač region on 5 August. The forces involved in this fighting were spontaneously formed companies based on the traditional social structure of villages, which were grouped into battalions when numbers dictated. Where the opportunity arose, KPJ members and military staff at the district and village level would attempt to gain some control over these units, but they were far from communist-led as a whole, at least initially. KPJ-led rebels across Bosnia-Herzegovina formed military structures as needed, without any central direction, and brigades and even a division were formed.[6] In the Drvar district for example, units were known as "Guerilla" rather than "Partisan" detachments, and in some cases several companies formed a detachment, where in others, several detachments formed a company.[7]

Establishment of a uniform system of organisation

A map showing the areas of responsibility of Yugoslav Partisan detachments in October–December 1941

On 26 September 1941, the Chief Headquarters for the People's Liberation Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia held a conference at Stolice in the German-occupied territory of Serbia, at which it adopted a standard structure for the military organisation of the resistance. The Chief Headquarters was renamed the Supreme Headquarters, and the Military Staff of each province became the General Staff. The basic Partisan unit was to be a company of 80–100 soldiers, composed of platoons and sections. Two to four companies were to make up a battalion, and three to four battalions formed a detachment, the largest unit of the Partisan forces. Each detachment would have a staff consisting of a commander and deputy, with a political commissar and deputy, and the detachment staff would be directly responsible to the General Staff. On that basis, the existing Partisan units operating in Bosnia-Herzegovina were re-organised in October and November 1941 into ten detachments, six in east Bosnia, three in Bosanska Krajina, and one in Herzegovina. The Sarajevo and Tuzla Military Staffs were dissolved and detachments in those regions were placed under the direct control of the General Staff for the People's Liberation Partisan Detachments of Bosnia-Herzegovina.[8]

The "Volunteer Army"

As a result of simmering tension between Serb-chauvinists and the communists, the Provincial Committee of the KPJ for Bosnia-Herzegovina held a conference at Ivančići in the Romanija region on 7–8 January 1942. This conference was chaired by Tito, and one of the outcomes was the creation of a "Volunteer Army" of soldiers that would fight alongside the Partisans under shared command, but were not willing to become Partisans themselves.[9] The Supreme Headquarters was renamed the Supreme Headquarters for the People's Liberation Partisan and Volunteer Army of Yugoslavia. This was intended to drive a wedge between Bosnian Chetnik bands and the Serbian-based Chetnik movement of Draža Mihailović. Seven "volunteer" detachments were raised, all in eastern Bosnia, and some battalions and companies of former Chetniks were placed under the command of existing detachments. In all, the "Volunteer Army" numbered a maximum of 7,000–8,000 fighters who were, according to the historian Marko Attila Hoare, of "dubious political loyalty and military value".[10] The short-lived "Volunteer Army" concept was dispensed with following pro-Chetnik coups in both "volunteer" and Partisan detachments in eastern Bosnia in April and May 1942,[11] and was quietly abolished by Tito in November 1942. After this, until the formation of the Yugoslav Army in the last six months of the war, the title of the Partisan army was the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia.[12]

Detachments

A total of 108 detachments were created in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. The detachments were named after a district, town, region or geographic feature, and ranged in size from 16 to 3,000 fighters. Larger detachments were usually divided into several companies or battalions. Some detachments had a very brief existence, whereas others existed for most of the war and a few were disestablished and re-established several times. Information on some small or short-lived detachments is very limited.[13][14]

Detachment Date of formation Place of formation Strength Composition Superior headquarters Disestablished Re-established/Re-organised Notes/Footnotes
Banja Luka May 1943Central Bosnia
4 companies (August 1943)
2 battalions (September 1943)
11th Division (from 1 June 1943)
1st Corps (from 19 July 1943)
39th Division (from 26 March 1944)
1. 13 January 1944
2. May 1945
re-established 18 February 1944[15]
Bijeljina 15 August 1941
Substaff Majevica1 September 1941
[15]
Bileća September 1943
30–100
23 November 1943 –7 December 1944re-established October 1944[15]
Birač 15 August 1941Birač500–700 (Autumn 1941)
200–300 (October 1943)
3 battalions (December 1941)1st Corps (May 1943)15 February 1945
[15] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]
Birač-Kladanj 15 February 1945
27th Division11 May 1945
[15]
Bišina November 1943
30–100
23 November 1943
[15]
Blagaj 1943
10th Division6 September 1943
[15]
Blagaj-Janj 6 September 1943
250 (1943)2 companies (November 1943)10th Division
[17]
Cazin 8 September 1943Cazin262 (8 September 1943)2 battalions (8 September 1943)
8 February 1944
[17]
Cazin Krajina 15 March 1944Cazin808 (15 March 1944)3 battalions (15 March 1944)
3 battalions (February 1945)
Una Operational Group (15 March 1944)1. May 1944
2. September 1944
3. May 1945
1. re-established August 1944
2. re-established February 1945
[18]
Cikote 15 August 1941
86 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 September 1941redesignated as a company (20 September 1941)[17]
Crni Vrh 18 October 1943Prnjavor100 (18 October 1943)2 companies11th Divisionlate December 1944
[17]
Dabar September 1943
30–100
23 November 1943
This detachment was also known as the "Miro Popara" Detachment.[17]
Doboj-Derventa November 1943Doboj district100 (mid-November 1943)
11th Division (mid-November 1943)13 January 1944
[17]
Drina Volunteer 13 March 1942Goražde and Čajniče districts8803 battalions
23 May 1942
[17]
Drvar-Petrovac May 1943Drvar district300 (May 1943)
883 (November 1943)
5 companies
2 battalions (August 1943)
2nd Corps (May 1943)
4th Division (late 1943)
January 1945
This detachment was also known as the Grabovač Detachment.[17]
Dulići November 1943
30–100
23 November 1944
This detachment was also known as the Gatački Detachment.[17]
Duvno 30 October 1943Duvno district
2 companies8th Corps (autumn 1943)
5th Corps (April 1944)
11 April 1944
[17]
Foča Volunteer 24 February 1942
4 battalions
18 May 1942
[17][lower-alpha 1]
Glamoč October 1943
20th Division (October 1943)
10th Division (February 1944)
10 October 1944
[17]
Glamoč Guerilla 30 July 1941
[17]
Glamoč-Livno April 1943Glamoč district
2 battalions (May 1943)
3 battalions and one company (June 1943)
10th Division (end of April 1943)
[20]
Grabovac 15 August 1941
60 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters
[20]
Gradiška-Lijevče 20 November 1943Lijevče80 (20 November 1943)
400+ (September 1944)
3 companies (end of 1943)
2 battalions (September 1944)
5th Corps (20 November 1943)
Kozara Group (28 July 1944)
12 October 1944
This detachment was also known as the Lijevče Detachment.[20]
Grahovo-Peulje July 1941Bosansko Grahovo district250 (August 1941)
800 (6 September 1943)
2 companies (August 1943)
2 battalions and one company (October 1943)
5th Corps (23 August 1943)1. September 1941
2. March 1945
re-established August 1943
re-organised October 1943
This detachment was also known as "Gavrilo Princip" Detachment.[20]
Herzegovina October 1941Suho330 (14 June 1942)3 battalions (October 1941)Interim operational staff for Herzegovina (4 January 1942)1. February 1942
2. 10 August 1942
re-established from North Herzegovina and South Herzegovina Detachments in March 1942[20] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation, and was formed from the Herzegovinian Brigade.[16]
Jahorina September 1943Jahorina250 (September 1943)
27th Division30 April 1944
[20]
Jahorina Volunteer 21 January 1942
900 (February 1942)13 companies in 3 battalions (February 1942)
early May 1942
[20]
Jajce-Travnik 18 October 1944
90 (January 1944)
10th DivisionFebruary 1945
[20]
Janja January 1944Janja90 (January 1944)
10th Division14 October 1944
[20]
Janj
10th Division6 September 1943
[20]
Japra Guerilla 28 September 1941
Krupa and Sana district headquarters
[20]
Jelašinovci Guerilla 28 September 1941
Krupa and Sana district headquarters
[20]
Kalinovik September 1941
4 battalions
[21] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation, and was formed from the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Brigade.[16]
Kladanj
[22]
Kladanj-Ozren
[23]
Konjic
[24]
Kozara
[25]
Krajina (1st) October 1941Drvar/
Podgrmeč[16]
600 (October 1941)7 companies (October 1941)Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina
[26] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation,[16] and was formed from the Drvar Brigade.[27]
Krajina (2nd) October 1941Kozara[16]
6 companies (October 1941)Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina
[26] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation,[16] and was formed from the Kozara Detachment.[27]
Krajina (3rd) November 1941central Bosnia[16]
6 battalions (26 November 1941)Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina
[26] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]
Krajina (4th) February 1942
Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina
This detachment was formed from elements of the 3rd Krajina Detachment.[27]
Krajina (5th) February 1942
Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina
This detachment was formed from elements of the 1st Krajina Detachment.[27]
Krajina (6th) 1 May 1942Manjača1,000 (17 August 1942)1 battalion (May 1942)
3 battalions (17 August 1942)
Operational staff for Bosanska Krajina1. 20 May 1942
2. 22 October 1942
re-established 17 August 1942[18]
Krajina Volunteer
[28]
Kupres-Janj May 1943Kupres
2 companies (May 1943)10th Division (May 1943)June 1943
[18]
Kupres 27 July 1943
230 (October 1943)1 battalion10th DivisionSeptember 1943
This detachment was also known as the Blagaj Detachment or Blagaj-Janj Detachment.[18]
Lim 4 November 1943Rudo and Višegrad districts150 (November 1943)3 battalions (November 1943)2nd Shock Corps (4 November 1943)15 December 1943
[18]
Livno 14 October 1941Cincar
one company (14 October 1941)20th Division (October 1943)
5th Corps (February 1944)
1. 6 June 1942
2. 11 April 1944
re-established September 1943[18]
Livno-Duvno 11 April 1944Livno and Duvno districts1,000 (end of 1944)two battalions (11 April 1944)
6 battalions (end of 1944)
10th Division (July 1944)17 March 1945
[18]
Ljubinje October 1944Herzegovina
7 December 1944
[18]
Majevica August 1941Majevica50 (September 1941)
200 (November 1941)
2 companies (August 1941)
1 battalion and 2 companies (November 1941)
1. September 1941
2. March 1942
re-established September 1941[18] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]
Majevica (1st) 28 July 1942Majevica300 (28 November 1942)2 battalions (28 November 1942)
3 battalions (January 1943)
25 March 1943
[18]
Majevica (2nd) February 1943Majevica500 (July 1943)3 battalions
4 battalions (July 1943)
1st Bosnian Shock Corps10 October 1943
[18]
Majevica (3rd) November 1943Majevica
2–4 battalions16th Division (November 1943)
38th Division (6 March 1944)
11 May 1945
[18]
Manjača 11 August 1941
[29]
Mostar 16 March 1944Konjic district2302 battalions
25 May 1944
[29]
Motajica 11 November 1943Motajica
1 company
3 companies (April 1944)
11th Division (11 November 1943)
53rd Division (August 1944)
1. 13 January 1944
2. May 1945
re-established 14 February 1944[29]
Nevesinje Uprising November 1943
30–100
[29]
North Herzegovina
4 battalions (April 1942)
3 battalions (23 November 1943)
29th Division (23 November 1943)1. June 1942
2. 18 April 1944
re-established November 1943[30]
Ozren August 1941Ozren500
1,000 (November 1941)
230 (November 1943)
3 companies
4 battalions (November 1941)
5 battalions (February 1942)
17th Division (21 July 1943)1. 18 April 1942
2. 25 January 1944
re-established 21 July 1943[29] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]
Palanka 28 September 1941
Krupa and Sana district headquarters
[29]
Papraća 15 August 1941
100 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 September 1941redesignated as a company (20 September 1941)[15]
Planina August 1943Herzegovina
September 1943
[29]
Pljeva 8 October 1943Mrkonjić Grad district150 (March 1944)2 companies (March 1944)
4 companies (mid-1944)
10th Division (October 1943)
39th Division (26 March 1944)
January 1945
This detachment was also known as the Mrkonjić Detachment or Mrkonjić-Pljeva Detachment.[29]
Podgrmeč 7 May 1943Podgrmeč300–5003 companies (May 1943)4th Division (7 May 1943)
Grmeč Operational Group (12 July 1943)
2nd Corps (8 September 1943)
4th Division (end of 1943)
39th Division (September 1944)
12 July 1945
[29]
Podrinje-Semberija August 1943Bijeljina region
17th Division (Autumn 1943)early October 1943
[29]
Popovo September 1943
30–100
23 November 1943
[29]
Posavina 16 September 1943Bosanski Šamac district250
700 (December 1943)
3 battalions (November 1943)17th Division (Autumn 1943)early February 1944
[29]
Posavina-Trebava February 1944
2703 battalions (Autumn 1944)38th Division (early March 1944)early June 1945
[29]
Površ August 1943
23 November 1943
[29]
Prekaja Guerilla 31 July 1941
Bosansko Grahovo County Guerilla Detachment staff
[29]
Prnjavor 10 June 1943Prnjavor1,000 (September 1943)1 battalion
4 or 5 battalions (September 1943)
11th Division1. 13 January 1944
2. July 1944
re-organised 16 October 1943
re-established 18 February 1944
[30]
Prozor July 1943
October 1944
[30]
Rama February 1943Prozor district80
180 (November 1943)
2 battalions10th Division (July 1943)1. February 1943
2. 14 May 1944
re-established July 1943[30]
Ribnik
Crkveno district250
900 (August 1943)
2 battalions4th Division (Summer 1943)
Grmeč Operational Group (August 1943)
10th Division (end of 1943)
1. 26 August 1943
2. 26 March 1944
re-established 18 November 1943[30]
Rogatica Volunteer
9503 battalions
May 1942
[30]
Romanija
Romanija region1,230–3,000 (November 1941)
70–80 (August 1943)
500 (20 November 1943)
3 battalions (5 October 1941)
9 battalions (November 1941)
3 battalions (February 1942)
Sarajevo oblast staff (October 1941)
General Staff for Bosnia-Herzegovina (to 3 February 1942)
Operational Staff for East Bosnia (3 February 1942)
17th Division (Summer 1943)
27th Division (10 October 1943)
17th Division (4 March 1944)
27th Division 10 October 1944
1. May 1942
2. 20 May 1944
re-established August 1943[30] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]
Sana
100 (November 1943)2 companies (November 1943)4th Division26 March 1944
[30]
Sitnica 26 June 1944
29th Division (August 1944)7 December 1944
[30]
South Herzegovina February 1942
300 (23 November 1943)4 battalions (April 1942)
3 battalions (23 November 1943)
29th Division (23 November 1943)1. June 1942
2. 10 September 1944
re-established 23 November 1943[20]
Spreča 15 August 1941
60 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 October 1941
[30]
Srebrenica 9 October 1943Fakovići16–50 (December 1943)
727 (27 March 1944)
600 (March 1945)
1. late December 1943
2. early April 1945
re-established 5 March 1944
re-organised into 2 battalions on 27 March 1944
[31]
Srebrenica Volunteer March 1942
3 battalions
April 1942
[31]
Stolac September 1943
30–100
1. 23 September 1943
2. 7 December 1944
re-established October 1944[31]
Stupari 15 August 1941eastern Bosnia80 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 October 1941
[31]
Šehovići 15 August 1941eastern Bosnia120 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 October 1941
[31]
Šuma September 1943Herzegovina30–100
23 November 1943
[31]
Tešanj-Teslić 18 September 1943eastern Bosnia50
11th Division1. 13 January 1944
2. 7 September 1944
re-established 18 February 1944This detachment was also known as the Tešanj Detachment.[31]
Timar 15 May 1944Prijedor district600 (September 1944)
4th Division (15 May 1944)
Kozara Group (28 July 1944)
12 October 1944
[31]
Travnik April 1942Vlašić region800 (September 1943)2 companies (Summer 1943)
2 battalions (Autumn 1943)
10th Division (May 1943)1. 15 May 1942
2. 18 October 1944
re-established May 1943[31]
Trebava September 1943Trebava region1603 battalions (October 1943)17th Division (September 1943)
16th Division (October 1943)
February 1944
[31]
Trebinje October 1944
7 December 1944
[31]
Tupanar 15 August 1941eastern Bosnia100 (20 August 1941)
Birač district headquarters20 September 1941
This detachment was also known as the Trnavski Detachment.[31]
Tuzla 24 October 1943Tuzla region600
500 (Winter 1945)
4 battalions17th DivisionMay 1945
[31]
Udarni 2 December 1943Bosanska Krajina region
3 battalions5th Corps5 May 1944
[31]
Udrežanj September 1943Herzegovina30–100
October 1943
[31]
Visoko-Fojnica September 1944Kotor Varoš district100
53rd Division (September 1944)April 1945
[32]
Visoko-Fojnica 17 July 1943Kreševo district
10th Division8 January 1945
[32]
Vlahovići September 1943Herzegovina30–100
23 November 1945
[32]
Vlasenica Volunteer March 1942
7004 battalions
April 1942
[32]
Vlašić May 1944Travnik district1002 companies4th Division
Zenica Brigade Group (March 1945)
May 1945
[32]
Vukovsko 27 July 1943Kupres district100
10th Division (Summer 1943)January 1944
[32]
West Herzegovina September 1944Duge Njive100 (September 1943)4 companies (September 1944)South Dalmatia Group (September 1944)
29th Division (November 1944)
7 December 1944
[32]
Zenica 9 April 1942Zenica200
6 May 1942
[32]
Zmijanje 29 November 1943Mrkonjić Grad district180
5th Corps (29 November 1943)
4th Division (4 December 1943)
39th Division (26 March 1944)
May 1945
[32]
Zvijezda October 1941Zvijezda region1,200 (November 1941)4 battalions and 1 company (November 1941)
May 1942
[32] This detachment was one of the 10 Bosnia-Herzegovina detachments remaining after the Stolice re-organisation.[16]

Notes

  1. On 18 May 1942, the staff of this detachment were killed or forced to flee by Chetnik elements from its Zakmur Battalion.[19]

Footnotes

  1. Hoare 2006, pp. 28–29.
  2. Hoare 2006, pp. 29–30.
  3. Hoare 2006, pp. 30–31.
  4. Hoare 2006, p. 32.
  5. Hoare 2006, p. 33.
  6. Hoare 2006, pp. 76–78.
  7. Hoare 2006, p. 82.
  8. Hoare 2006, pp. 82–83.
  9. Hoare 2006, pp. 175–176.
  10. Hoare 2006, pp. 183–184.
  11. Hoare 2006, pp. 205–208.
  12. Hoare 2006, p. 319.
  13. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 78, 83–84, 128, 343–345, 590–607, 801.
  14. Hoare 2014, pp. 83, 143, 245.
  15. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 590–591.
  16. Hoare 2006, p. 83.
  17. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 592–593.
  18. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 598–599.
  19. Hoare 2006, p. 207.
  20. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 594–595.
  21. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 83–84.
  22. Hoare 2014, p. 143.
  23. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, p. 801.
  24. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, p. 345.
  25. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, p. 343.
  26. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, p. 78.
  27. Hoare 2006, p. 245.
  28. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, p. 128.
  29. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 600–601.
  30. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 602–603.
  31. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 604–605.
  32. Anić, Joksimović & Gutić 1982, pp. 606–607.

References

  • Anić, Nikola; Joksimović, Sekula; Gutić, Mirko (1982). Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije: pregled razvoja oružanih snaga Narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta : 1941–1945 [People's Liberation Army of Yugoslavia: Overview of the Development of the Armed Forces of the National Liberation Movement: 1941–1945] (in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Vojnoistorijski institut. OCLC 9831057.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hoare, Marko Attila (2006). Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks 1941–1943. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-726380-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Hoare, Marko Attila (2014). The Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War. New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-936531-9.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
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