List of earthquakes in Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the most seismically active regions in the world. Oblique subduction, block rotation, and a transform margin has been responsible for the seismic activities of the country. The Sagaing Fault is one of the largest sources of earthquakes in the country, having produced deadly quakes in the past centuries. Along the western coast, offshore Rahkine State, the Sunda Megathrust, where the Indian Plate dives beneath the Burma Plate is capable of producing large events and tsunamis like the 2004 earthquake. Intermediate depth earthquakes east of the Chin Range also pose a risk to people. The Shan Plateau is another source of earthquakes, hosting many active strike-slip faults that accommodate block rotation of the Sunda Plate.[1]

Notable earthquakes in the history of Myanmar include the following:

Earthquakes
Date Location Mag. MMI Depth (km) Deaths Injuries Notes
2018-01-11 Bago 6.0 Mww  VII 9.0 Felt strongly in many places. [2]
2017-03-13 Yangon 5.1 Mw VI 10.0 2 36 [3]
2016-08-24 Magway 6.8 Mw VI 84.1 4 20 Several temples were damaged
2016-04-13 Sagaing 6.9 Mw VI 134.8 2 120
2016-01-04 Imphal 6.7 Mww  VIII 55.0 11 200+
2012-11-11 Sagaing 6.8 Mw VIII 9.8 26 Many 12 Missing
2011-03-24 Shan 6.9 Mw IX 12.8 151 212
2011-02-04 Monywa 6.4 Mw VI 85.0 1 [4]
2009-08-11 Coco Islands 7.5 Mw  VII 24.0
2004-12-26 Coco Islands 9.1-9.3 Mw  VIII 30.0 70-800 Rupture extended to the Coco Islands
2003-09-21 Magway 6.6 Mwb  VII 15.8 10 43 Damage at Taungdwingyi
1997-11-21 Chittagong 6.1 Mw VI 54.4 23 200
1995-07-11 Shan 6.8 Mw  VIII 12.5 11 [5]
1991-01-05 Sagaing 7.0 Mw  VII 19.7 2 [6]
1988-11-06 Shan 7.2 Mw  VIII 15.9 Aftershock of the Lancang earthquake.
1988-11-06 Shan 7.7 Mw  X 17.8 730-938 3900 [7]
1988-08-06 Sagaing 7.3 Mw  VII 98.1 38 30 Caused some damage in India and was felt in the Soviet Union. [8]
1976-05-29 Yunnan 7.0 Mw 10.0 98 2,400+
1975-07-08 Mandalay 6.5-7.0 Mw VI 106.8 2 15
1970-07-29 Sagaing 7.0 Mw  76.1 Damage at Assam. [9]
1956-07-16 Sagaing 7.1 Mw VIII 34.3 38
1954-03-21 Sagaing 7.4 mb  180 Some damage reported in India. [10]
1950-08-15 Assam 8.6 Mw  XI 15.0 4,800 Rupture partially extended to Burma and was felt strongly [11]
1946-09-12 Sagaing 7.8 Mw  15.0 0 Doublet earthquake
1946-09-12 Sagaing 8.0 Mw 15.0 0
1943-10-23 Chin 7.2 [12]
1941-12-26 Shan 7.2 Mw 10.0 >6 [13]
1938-08-16 Chin 7.2 Ms  75.0 [14]
1932-08-14 Sagaing 7.0 Ms  110.0 Damage at Assam [15]
1931-01-27 Kachin 7.6 Mw IX 15.0, 30-60.0 0
1930-12-03 Bago 7.3 Mw X 10.0 36
1930-07-18 Irrawaddy 50 [16]
1930-05-05 Bago 7.5 Mw X 35.0 558+ 204+ Tsunami
1929-08-08 Naypyidaw 6.6-7.1 Mw  10.0-15.0 Caused some damage. [17]
1929-01-19 Kachin 5.5 Ms  IX Catastrophic damage at Htawgaw. [18]
1927-12-17 Yangon ~7.0 Mw  Severe damage in northern Yangon [19]
1923-06-22 Shan 7.2 Mw  25.0 [20]
1922-05-02 Shan 6.7 Mw  35.0 [21]
1917-07-05 Bago Shwemawdaw Pagoda fell.
1912-05-23 Shan 7.6-7.8 Mw IX 15-25.0 1(?) Several cities damaged [22]
1908-12-12 Kachin 7.2 Mw  15.0 [23][24]
1906-06-24 Coco Islands 7.3 mb  60.0 0 [25]
1858-08-24 Rahkine 7.0 Mw  ? An entire island disappeared. [26][27][28]
1858-03-23 Magway 7.7 Mw  ? [1]
1843-10-30 Rahkine May have triggered a tsunami. [28]
1842-11-11 Rahkine Tsunami recorded at Cheduba Island. [28]
1848-01-03 Rahkine 6.8-7.2 Mw  ? Severe shaking at Ramree Island. [29][30]
1839-03-23 Mandalay 8.1-8.2 Mw XI 12-15.0 500+ Formal capital city Inwa destroyed and abandoned.
1762-04-02 Chittagong-Rahkine 8.8 Mw XI 200+ Tsunami
1757-06-04 Bago [19]
1750 Rahkine [31]
1714-08-04 Sagaing Waves from a river flooded a nearby city. [32]
1620-06-06 Mandalay Fishes in the Irrawaddy River were killed. [19]
1564-09-13 Bago Mahazedi Pagoda destroyed. [19]
1485-07-24 Sagaing Several pagodas fell. [19]
Note: Only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.

Tsunamis affecting Myanmar

See also

References
  1. Yu Wang. "Earthquake Geology of Myanmar" (PDF). Dissertation – via Caltech.
  2. "M 6.0 - 40km WSW of Pyu, Burma". USGS.
  3. "M 5.1 - 34km SE of Tharyarwady, Burma". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  4. "Significant earthquakes in Burma". Worlddata.info. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  5. "M 6.8 - Myanmar". US Geological Survey.
  6. "M 7.0 - Myanmar". US Geological Survey.
  7. "M 7.7 - Myanmar-China border region".
  8. "M 7.3 - Myanmar". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-26.
  9. "M 7.0 - Myanmar". USGS.
  10. "ISC Bulletin Event 890450 Myanmar". International Seismological Centre.
  11. A. Coudurier-Curveur, P. Tapponnier, E. Okal, J. Van der Woer, E. Kali, d, S. Choudhury, S. Baruah, M. Etchebes, Ç. Karakaş (1 February 2020). "A composite rupture model for the great 1950 Assam earthquake across the cusp of the East Himalayan Syntaxis". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 531: 115928. Bibcode:2020E&PSL.53115928C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115928.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA NCEI.
  13. "Significant Earthquake CHINA: YUNNAN PROVINCE". NGDC.
  14. "Event 902629 Myanmar-India border region". International Seismological Centre.
  15. "Significant Earthquake". NOAA NCEI.
  16. "MYANMAR (BURMA): THARRAWADDY". NOAA NCEI.
  17. "M 6.6 - Myanmar". USGS.
  18. "Significant Earthquake MYANMAR (BURMA): HTAWGAW". NOAA NCEI.
  19. Soe Thura Tun, Tint Lwin Swe (2009). "Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard in Myanmar". Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami. 3 (2): 43–57. doi:10.1142/S1793431109000482.
  20. "Event 911420 Myanmar-China border region". International Seismological Centre.
  21. "Event 911885 Myanmar". International Seismological Centre.
  22. "M 7.5 - Myanmar". Retrieved 2020-10-14.
  23. "M 7.0 - Myanmar". USGS.
  24. "Significant Earthquake Information". NOAA NCEI.
  25. "ISC Event 16957909". International Seismological Centre.
  26. OLDHAM, THOMAS (1883). "A Catalogue of Indian Earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of AD 1869". Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. XIX, Part 3.
  27. "January to June 1859; Serampore, Friends of India Press, 1859 March 1859; Page 8". The Calcutta Review. XXXII.
  28. Edris Alam, Dale Dominey-Howes, Catherine Chagué (2011). "Tsunamis of the northeast Indian Ocean with a particular focus on the Bay of Bengal region—A synthesis and review". Earth-Science Reviews. 114 (1–2): 175. Bibcode:2012ESRv..114..175A. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2012.05.002.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  29. Bhaskar Kundu, V.K.Gahalaut (2011). "Earthquake occurrence processes in the Indo-Burmese wedge and Sagaing Fault region" (PDF). Tectonophysics. 524: 135–146. Bibcode:2012Tectp.524..135K. doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2011.12.031.
  30. J. Bruce H. Shyu, Chung-Che Wang, Yu Wang, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hong-Wei Chiang, Sze-Chieh Liu, Soe Min, Oo Than, Soe Thura Tun (2018). "Upper-plate splay fault earthquakes along the Arakan subduction belt recorded by uplifted coral microatolls on northern Ramree Island, western Myanmar (Burma)". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 484.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. Berninghausen, William H. "Tsunamis and seismic seiches reported from regions adjacent to the Indian Ocean". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 56.
  32. "Tsunami Event Information". NOAA NCEI.
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