List of nurses who died in World War I

An estimated 1,500 nurses from a number of countries lost their lives during World War I.[1] Some died from disease or accidents, and some from enemy action.

Australia
Grave of Nurse Norma Mowbray, Cairo, 1916

29 Australian nurses died from disease or injuries; 25 of these died on active service, and 4 died in Australia from injuries or illness sustained during their service.[2] Most of these nurses were serving in the Australian Army Nursing Service; however, a small number were serving with Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service, one of a number of British Army nursing services during World War I.[2] Other Australian women made their own way to Europe and joined the British Red Cross, private hospitals or other allied services.[3]

Nurses serving with the Australian Army Nursing Service
Name Date of death Circumstances of death Place of death
Louisa Bicknell 25 June 1915 Sepsis poisoning Cairo, Egypt
Kathleen Brennan 24 November 1918 Spanish flu Leicester, England[4][5]
Emily Clare 17 October 1918 Pneumonia India[6]
Ruby Dickinson 23 June 1918 Pneumonia United Kingdom[7]
May Hennessy 9 April 1919 Malaria[8] Bendigo, Australia[9]
Hilda Knox 17 February 1917 Meningitis[10] France[11]
Irene McPhail 4 August 1920 Tuberculosis Melbourne, Australia[12]
Edith Moorhouse 24 November 1918 Illness France[13]
Norma Mowbray 21 January 1916 Pneumonia Cairo, Egypt[14]
Gertrude Munro 10 September 1918 Pneumonia and malaria Greece[15]
Letitia Moreton 11 November 1916[16] Enteric fever (typhoid) India[17]
Lily Nugent 21 February 1918 Phthisis (tuberculosis) Sydney, Australia[18]
Amy O'Grady 12 August 1916 Cholera[19] Bombay (Mumbai), India[20]
Rosa O'Kane 21 December 1918 Spanish flu[21] Perth, Australia[22]
Katherine Porter 16 July 1919 Pneumonia Sydney, Australia[23]
Kathleen Power 13 August 1916 Illness India[24]
Doris Ridgway 6 January 1919 Pneumonia[25] Perth, Australia[26]
Elizabeth Rothery 15 June 1918 Illness Beechworth, Australia[27]
Mary Stafford 20 March 1919 Leukemia Torrens Park, Australia[28]
Ada Thompson 1 January 1919 Spanish flu[29] Perth, Australia[30]
Fanny Tyson 20 April 1919 Illness Sutton Veny, England[31]
Jean Miles-Walker 30 October 1918 Pneumonia Sutton Veny, England[32]
Beatrice Watson 2 June 1916 Illness Suez, Egypt[33]

Nurses serving with Queen Alexandra's Imperial Military Nursing Service Reserve
Name Date of death Circumstances of death Place of death
Charlotte Berrie 8 January 1919 Pneumonia Jerusalem[34]
Narrelle Hobbes 10 May 1918 Liver cancer At sea[35]
Myrtle Wilson 23 December 1915 Pneumonia France[36]

Volunteers serving with the Australian Red Cross
Name Date of death Circumstances of death Place of death
Louisa Riggall 31 August 1918 Haemorrhage France[3]

Britain
Edith Cavell

Edith Cavell was executed for treason by a German firing squad on 12 October 1915 in Brussels, Belgium.

In March 1915, four Scottish nurses died in Serbia of typhus.[37] They were part of a group of Scottish women - nurses, doctors and volunteers - who had travelled to Serbia to establish Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service:

Marjory Eva May Edwards served for three and a half years in Britain and France and died of measles in England on 4 January 1918. Her name is listed on the village war memorial at St Mary's Church at Streatley, Berkshire.[38]

Catherine Miller was working at the 1st Western General Hospital in Liverpool, England when she died on 24 December 1918. She had contracted malaria while serving in Russia.[39][40]

HMT Osmanieh sinking, 1917

On 31 December 1917, the British troop ship, HMS Osmanieh (1906) struck a mine near the entrance to Alexandria Harbour. The ship sank in under 10 minutes and almost 200 service personnel died. Among the dead were eight nurses.[41] Two of them belonged to the Queen Alexandria’s Imperial Military Nursing Service (QAIMNS):

  • Nellie Hawley
  • Dorothea Roberts

and the rest belonged to the Voluntary Aid Detachment (VAD):

  • Gertrude Bytheway
  • Una Duncanson
  • Lilian Midwood
  • Hermione Rogers
  • Catherine Ball
  • Winifred Brown

Canada

53 Canadian nurses lost their lives during the war.[42] In one incident, on 27 June 1918, 14 nurses were killed when their hospital ship HMHS Llandovery Castle was torpedoed while travelling from Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Liverpool, England.[43] The nurses who died were:

  • Mary Agnes McKenzie.[12]
  • Christina Campbell.[13]
  • Carola Josephine Douglas.[14]
  • Alexina Dussault.[14]
  • Minnie Aenath Follette.[14]
  • Margaret Jane Fortescue.[14]
  • Minnie Katherine Gallaher.[14]
  • Jessie Mabel McDiarmid.[14]
  • Rena McLean.[14]
  • Mary Belle Sampson.[14]
  • Gladys Irene Sare.[14]
  • Anna Irene Stamers.[15]
  • Jean Templeman.[15]

Netherlands

Rosa Vecht (18 July 1881 – 23 January 1915) died when she was injured by shrapnel at Veurne in West Flanders, while saying goodbye before a planned evacuation. She died after an operation to amputate her leg.[44]

New Zealand
Plaque at Waimate Hospital to nurses who died on the SS Marquette

16 New Zealand nurses died during the war, including 10 who died in the sinking of the hospital ship SS Marquette.[45]

Name Date of death Circumstances of death Place of death
Marion Brown 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Isabel Clark 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Ella Cooke 8 September 1917 Hit by a train Alexandria, Egypt
Catherine Fox 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Mary Gorman 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Ada Gilbert Hawken[46] 28 October 1915 Enteric fever (typhoid) Alexandria, Egypt
Nona Hildyard 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Helena Isdell 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Mabel Jamieson 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Elise Kemp 20 October 1917 Killed when a German aircraft bombed the field hospital she was in Flanders, France
Lily Lind 21 November 1916 Tuberculosis, contracted while nursing At sea, on board SS Maheno
Mary Rae 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Lorna Rattray 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Margaret Rogers 23 October 1915 Drowned in the sinking of the SS Marquette Aegean Sea
Esther Maude Tubman[46] 18 September 1918 Cerebrospinal meningitis Salisbury Hospital, United Kingdom
Mabel Whishaw[46] 10 November 1918 Influenza Featherson Camp, New Zealand

Romania

Ecaterina Teodoroiu was a Romanian nurse who enlisted as a soldier and died on 3 September 1917 during active service.[47]

United States

Nurses Clara Ayres and Helen Burnett Wood were the first two women to be killed while part of the United States military when they died on 17 May 1917, following an accident on board USS Mongolia.[48]

Helen Fairchild died in France on 18 January 1918, from post-operative complications following surgery for an ulcer.[49]

References
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  2. "Australian Nurses in World War 1". Australian Nurses in World War 1. Archived from the original on 29 September 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2016.
  3. "Gallant girls under fire on the Western Front". Retrieved 30 September 2016.
  4. "ANZACs remembered at cemetery – Leicester City Council". www.leicester.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  5. "Commemorative Roll: Kathleen Adele Brennan | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  6. "Roll of Honour: Emily Clare | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  7. "Staff Nurse Ruby Dickinson | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  8. Design, UBC Web. "Nurse May Hennessy | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  9. "Roll of Honour: May Hennessy | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  10. "Obituary - Hilda Mary Knox - Obituaries Australia". oa.anu.edu.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
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  19. "World War 1 Casualty : Nurse Amy Vera O'Grady". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  20. "Roll of Honour: Amy Veda O'Grady | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  21. Design, UBC Web. "Sister Rosa O'Kane | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  22. "Roll of Honour: Rosa O'Kane | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  23. "Roll of Honour: Katherine Agnes Lawrence Porter | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
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  30. "Roll of Honour: Ada Mildred Thompson | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  31. "Roll of Honour: Fanny Isobel Catherine Tyson | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  32. "Roll of Honour: Jean Miles Walker | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  33. "Roll of Honour: Beatrice Middleton Watson | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  34. "BERRIE, Charlotte Matilda - British Army Nurses". britisharmynurses.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  35. "Sister Florence Narrelle Jessie Hobbes | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  36. "Commemorative Roll: Myrtle Elizabeth Wilson | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
  37. "Scottish Women's Hospitals". Scottish Women's Hospitals. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  38. "Edwards, Marjory E M". Great War Forum. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
  39. "Women | Scotlands War". www.edinburghs-war.ed.ac.uk. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  40. "Catherine Cook Miller - WW1 Memorial and Life Story". livesofthefirstworldwar.org. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  41. "THE SINKING OF HMT "OSMANIEH"".
  42. Chenier, Nancy Miller. "Nursing Sisters". Retrieved 24 September 2016.
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  44. "NURSE VECHT". Sydney Morning Herald (NSW : 1842 - 1954). 21 May 1915. p. 8. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
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  47. "Ecaterina Teodoroiu". Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  48. Tendrich Frank, Lisa (2013). An Encyclopedia of American Women at War: From the Home Front to the Battlefields. Santa Barbara, Calif: Credo Reference. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1-785394-515.
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