List of prisons in New Zealand

There are eighteen adult correctional facilities (prisons) in New Zealand. Three prisons house female offenders, one each in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. The remaining fifteen house male offenders; ten in the North Island and five in the South Island. In addition, there are four youth correctional facilities, termed youth justice residences. The facilities are managed by the Department of Corrections.

There are five security levels in New Zealand adult prisons: Minimum, Low, Low-Medium, High and Maximum.

In 2018 North & South magazine published a long-form article by Paul Little titled "The Case for Closing Prisons" which included data on New Zealand prison inmate populations.[1]

List of prisons

Name	Location	Opened	Gender	Type/Security	Capacity	Ref
Northland Region Corrections Facility	near Kaikohe, Northland 35.3970°S 173.8581°E	2005	Male	Minimum to High	628	[2]
Auckland Prison	Paremoremo, Auckland 36.7566°S 174.6476°E	1968	Male	Minimum to Maximum	667	[3]
Mount Eden Corrections Facility	Mount Eden, Auckland 36.8675°S 174.7657°E	2011	Male	Remand	1046	[4]
Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility	Wiri, Auckland 37.0112°S 174.8502°E	2006	Female	Minimum to Maximum	462	[5]
Auckland South Corrections Facility	Wiri, Auckland 37.0152°S 174.8511°E	2015	Male	Minimum to High	960	[6]
Spring Hill Corrections Facility	Hampton Downs, Waikato 37.3735°S 175.0813°E	2007	Male	Minimum to High	1002	[7]
Waikeria Prison	south of Te Awamutu, Waikato 38.0997°S 175.3868°E	1911	Male	Minimum to High	778	[8]
Tongariro/Rangipo Prison	near Turangi, Waikato 38.9925°S 175.8451°E	1922	Male	Minimum to Low-medium	540	[9]
Hawke's Bay Regional Prison	south-west of Hastings 39.6631°S 176.7828°E	1989	Male	Minimum to High	722	[10]
Whanganui Prison	Kaitoke, south of Whanganui 39.9829°S 175.0947°E	1978	Male	Minimum to High	581	[11]
Manawatu Prison	Linton, south-west of Palmerston North 40.4001°S 175.5705°E	1979	Male	Minimum to High	290	[12]
Rimutaka Prison	Trentham, Upper Hutt 41.1550°S 175.0355°E	1967	Male	Minimum to High	1078	[13]
Arohata Prison	Tawa, Wellington 41.1871°S 174.8264°E	1944	Female	Minimum to High	159	[14]
Christchurch Men's Prison	near Templeton, Christchurch 43.5240°S 172.4673°E	1915	Male	Minimum to High	940	[15]
Christchurch Women's Prison	near Templeton, Christchurch 43.5293°S 172.4474°E	1974	Female	Minimum to High	134	[15]
Rolleston Prison	near Rolleston, Canterbury 43.5983°S 172.3462°E	1958	Male	Minimum to Low-medium	260	[16]
Otago Corrections Facility	north of Milton, Otago 46.0860°S 170.0089°E	2007	Male	Minimum to High	485	[17]
Invercargill Prison	Invercargill 46.4045°S 168.3451°E	1910	Male	Minimum to Low-medium	172	[18]

Northern Region

Northland Region Corrections Facility (Ngawha)

Northland Region Corrections Facility is located 5 km northeast of the town of Kaikohe and is colloquially known as Ngawha - after the local area. Maori in Northland tried to persuade the Corrections Department not to upset a local taniwha by building the prison on thermal land. They were unsuccessful and the facility opened in 2005. Following completion, the foundations proved to be unstable. In 2007, the Government admitted the prison was sinking into the ground and required repairs. It ended up costing $137 million, which was $100 million more than the original project estimate.[19]

The prison accommodates up to 548 prisoners with security classifications ranging from minimum to high-medium and employs 180 staff.[2]

Auckland Prison (Paremoremo)

Auckland Prison is located on Paremoremo Rd on Auckland's North Shore - hence the name Paremoremo Prison.[20] It contains New Zealand's only specialist maximum-security prison unit and houses some of the most violent criminals in the country. The prison opened in 1968 and contains up to 681 prisoners though in 2010, only about 90 were classified as maximum security.[20] It has a staff of 225. The first female corrections officers started working at the prison in 1987 and women now make up 14% of staff.[21]

Paremoremo has a 60-bed treatment unit for child sex offenders called Te Piriti and a Special Needs Unit. In November 2011, a new Drug Treatment Unit (DTU) was established at the prison with clinical staff coming from Odyssey House. The DTU houses up to 48 prisoners at a time and provides an intensive 12-week programme targeted at prisoners serving sentences of between four and twelve months.[22]

In November 2018 North & South magazine published an inmate's account of life inside Paremoremo.[23]

Mount Eden Corrections Facility

History

There has been a prison on the Mount Eden site in Auckland since 1856. The first building was made of timber and was known as the Stockade. A new stone building opened in 1865 although the stone wall that surrounds the prison was not finished until the mid-1870s - using prison labour. The Victorian stone building with its high towers and thick stone perimeter wall is still a recognisable Auckland landmark.[24]

Even as Mt Eden Prison was being built, calls were made for it to be closed. Changing views about prison incarceration during the early 1900s led the then Minister of Justice to declare the facility to be obsolete. By 1945 public calls were being made for the prison to be demolished but demolition plans were postponed in 1953 due to a shortage of funds. In 1965 a prison-wide riot broke out following a failed mass breakout attempt. Prisoners lit fires that quickly spread along the roof, fuelled with fat, oil, furniture and prisoners' personal effects. By the time prisoners surrendered 34 hours later, little remained of the original prison other than its exterior stone shell. The kitchen, the chapel, the watch house and 61 cells were destroyed and the prison roof suffered extensive damage. Due to a shortage of alternative accommodation, the prison was gradually rebuilt as a temporary measure, but much of it was not restored to its original condition.[24]

The old Mount Eden Prison used to hold about 420 prisoners and was squalid, substandard and unsafe. In 2004 the Department acknowledged the prison "falls well-short of the basic requirements for a modern corrections facility";[25] a New Zealand Herald editorial described it as an "antiquated pile beyond redemption as a suitable place to incarcerate humans".[26] The 120-year-old prison was closed in 2011. Although it no longer houses inmates, the building has a 'category one' classification from Heritage New Zealand due to its historical significance and architectural quality.[27] The building was to be restored and converted for staff and administration use for the new prison completed on the same site.

Current

The $40 million Auckland Central Remand Prison (ACRP), housing about 250 remand inmates, opened in July 2000, next to the old prison.[28] It became the main reception prison for newly remanded male prisoners in the Auckland region. ACRP was the first prison in New Zealand to be administered by a private company. It was run by an Australian company, GEO Group. Five years later (2005), ACRP was returned to state operation by a Labour government.[29]

A major project to redevelop the site and create another facility began in 2008. New accommodation blocks and support facilities were constructed at a cost of $216 million.[30] The prison was renamed the Mt Eden Corrections Facility (MECF) and now holds 966 prisoners. It opened on 30 March 2011.[31]

In May 2010, the National Government decided that the prison would be privatised once again and British conglomerate, Serco, was awarded the contract.[32] Five years later (July 2015) videos appeared online showing gang members fighting inside MECF. Allegations were made that there was an organised 'fight club' and that prisoners were filming the fights on cell phones and posting them on social media.[33] Following an investigation, the Corrections Department stepped in to take over day-to-day management of the prison and then in December, the Government announced that Serco's contract would not be renewed in March 2017.[34]

In 2019 North & South magazine published the story of Pasimaca Osment, who in 1991 became one of the first female prison officers in New Zealand to work in a maximum-security jail. The piece describes her experiences at Mt Eden Corrections Facility, Spring Hill Corrections Facility and Paremoremo.[35]

Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility

The Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility (ARWCF) is in the Wiri suburb of Manukau City. The site is 47 ha in size, of which only 13 ha are currently covered by the prison, leaving considerable room for expansion.[36] With so much space available, in 2011 it became the proposed site for a new $900 million 960-bed men's prison which is due to be built by 2015 and operated by British conglomerate Serco.[37] This will make the suburb of Wiri the country's biggest prison precinct.[38]

The women's prison opened in 2006 and was the second of four new prisons constructed as part of the Department's Regional Prisons Development Project. The original plan was for only 150 beds but a 20 per cent hike in the number of women being sent to prison led to a significant expansion.[39] Despite the increase, women still make up only 6% of the prison population.[40] ARWCF now houses up to 456 prisoners and as a result of the increase, the cost blew out from an estimated $58 million to $158 million.[41]

ARWCF is the first purpose-built women's prison in New Zealand.[42] It has one high security Management Unit with 24 beds, two high-medium security units, one for sentenced and one for remand prisoners, each with 90 beds and a 32-bed assessment unit. Many cells can accommodate two prisoners through double bunking.[43] Until it was built, female prisoners have mostly had to serve their sentences at women's prisons in Wellington and Christchurch.[44]

The prison has a specialist unit for mothers with babies - known as the baby bonding unit.[45] Prisoners with babies aged under nine months being cared for in the community are permitted daily visits in secure, purpose-built facilities where they can feed and bond with their child. These facilities replicate a domestic lounge setting with a bathroom, kitchenette and sleeping room for the baby. There is also an external courtyard. This allows a mother to spend up to 12 hours a day with her baby. It also allows the baby to bond with the caregiver raising the child while the mother serves her sentence.

The prison also provides the Kowhiritanga ('Making Choices') Programme. This rehabilitation programme is designed to address the particular needs of female prisoners – many of whom have suffered sexual abuse during childhood and in their current relationships. Auckland University sociologist Dr Tracey McIntosh, says virtually all Maori women in prisons have been physically or sexually abused - and were excluded from school by the age of 13.[46] The Making Choices programme uses cognitive-behavioural therapy, dialectical behaviour therapy, group psychotherapy, recreational psychology and a narrative approach to therapy.[45]

In 2010 it was reported that eight prisoners at Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility are training dogs as part of the Puppies in Prison programme. The puppies are being trained by low security prisoners to help people in the community living with disabilities. The puppies help prepare the prisoners for life outside prison as well as learning around 90 tasks to help their future owners. They live with the women in self care units at the prison and even attend rehabilitation and education programmes with them.[47] The puppies spend a year with the prisoners, before returning to the community for advanced training.[48]

Auckland South Corrections Facility

In 2010 Corrections Minister, Judith Collins said an additional 2270 prison beds would be needed by 2019 to cope with forecast growth in prisoner numbers and to replace aging existing prisons.[49] In response, the Government announced that the Department of Corrections proposed the establishment of a new men's prison with 1060 beds on undeveloped land adjacent to the Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility at 20 Hautu Drive, Wiri, Manukau City.[50]

Environment Minister Nick Smith established a board of inquiry to fast-track the building of the new prison allowing it to bypass the usual resource consents process which is subject to appeals in the Environment Court.[51] After a three-week hearing in May 2011, the inquiry gave Corrections the go ahead to build the prison. A few months later, justice sector forecasts showed a drop in the projected prison population - for the first time ever.[52] Prime Minister John Key then commented that the new prison at Wiri may no longer be needed but also said it might still be built so that 'older prisons may be retired'.[53]

The contract to build and manage a new 960-bed prison was eventually award to Serco in 2012. It provided stiff financial penalties if its rehabilitation programmes fail to reduce reoffending by 10% more than the Corrections Department programmes.[54] The Auckland South Corrections Facility was opened on 8 May 2015.[55][56] The contract to operate the prison ends in 2040.[57]

Spring Hill Corrections Facility

Spring Hill Corrections Facility is in the countryside between Meremere and Te Kauwhata, in the Waikato. It opened in 2007 and was the last of four new facilities built as part of the Regional Prisons Development Project. It accommodates up to 1,018 male prisoners with low to high-medium security classifications.[58] In the course of construction, the cost of the prison escalated to $380.3 million (at $600,000 a bed),[59] $97.7 million over its original estimate.[60]

The Department made the unusual step of spending $7.5 million buying and shipping earthmoving equipment from overseas to complete the prison. It says it was caught short by the national building boom and was unable to find the equipment in New Zealand. The Department bought eleven 40-tonne all-terrain dump trucks from Scotland, five compactors from America and France and two excavators from South Korea.[61] When Otago's new Milton prison also cost $43.1 million more than the Department had forecast, Corrections Minister Damien O'Connor subsequently asked Treasury and the State Services Commission (SSC) to carry out an independent review of prison cost blowouts.[60]

Springhill has New Zealand's only Pacific Focus Unit, which provides an environment where prisoners of Pacific ethnicity with a high risk of re-offending are encouraged to address their offending behaviours. Spring Hill also has a combined drug treatment and special treatment unit called Puna Tatari. The special treatment unit provides treatment for serious offenders with a high risk of re-offending who have been convicted of at least one violent offence.

Spring Hill was also the scene of the manslaughter of prison officer Jason Palmer. This was the first death of a New Zealand prison officer on active duty.[62]

Central region

Waikeria Prison

Waikeria Prison is located 16 kilometres south of Te Awamutu, at Waikeria in the Waikato region. It was built in 1911 and held 1031 prisoners and employed 480 staff. It used to be New Zealand's largest prison. However, in 2012, the Government announced that some older prisons would close including units at Waikeria.[63]

The prison includes several specialist units. It has one of the five Māori Focus Units in New Zealand prisons. The Māori Focus Units aim to bring about positive changes in offenders' thinking and behaviour through the practice of Māori values and disciplines, and specialist Māori programmes. Waikeria also has a Drug Treatment Unit for prisoners with drug or alcohol problems and a Special Treatment Unit (Karaka Special Treatment Unit) which is a 40-bed treatment unit for men who have repeatedly committed serious crimes and are considered to have a high risk of re-offending.[64]

Because Waikeria Prison is a large site, the level of physical security varies between different units. The minimum security areas of the prison have fewer physical security feature because minimum security prisoners have been assessed as a minimal risk to the public. Higher security units are surrounded by a highly secure perimeter fence equipped with lighting, surveillance and detection equipment.[65]

2020–2021 Waikeria Riot

Beginning on 29 December 2020, rioting in Waikeria prison led to a fire that caused extensive damage to the prison's top jail facility, with roughly 250 beds destroyed. At least 21 prisoners were involved in the rioting, who subsequently clustered on the roof of the top jail facility. Four subsequently gave up while 17 remained non-compliant.[66][67] According to Stuff and The New Zealand Herald, those involved in the prison unrest included members of the Comancheros and Mongols gangs including five deportees from Australia.[68][69] By 30 December, 49 non-participating prisoners had been evacuated to other prisons while another 163 men were temporarily moved to other locations within the prison. Dr Rawiri Waretini-Karena, an independent adviser to the Department of Corrections, attributed the rioting to the lack of access to rehabilitative education and Māori culture.[70] Inmates and their relatives have also attributed the rioting to inhumane and unhygienic conditions including the lack of clean water and mouldy bread.[71][68] On 30 December, Corrections chief executive Jeremy Lightfoot confirmed that damage to Waikeria's top jail facility had been substantial and that it was unlikely that prisoners would be accommodated there again. The top jail facility was scheduled to be replaced with a new facility in 2022.[72]

On 2 January 2021, it was reported that the 16 remaining prisoners had accessed the weapons safe and improvised weapons. That same day, relatives of the prisoners along with Māori Party co-leader Rawiri Waititi, New Zealand National Party leader Judith Collins, and National Parry correction spokesperson Simeon Brown called on the Minister of Corrections Kelvin Davis to intervene in the prison protest. Corrections officials had earlier denied Waititi, Brown and National MP Barbara Kuriger access to the prison, stating that they needed the permission of the Corrections Minister Davis.[71][73] On 3 January, the 16 remaining prisoners surrendered following negotiations involving Māori Party leader Waititi. During a press conference that same day, Corrections Minister Davis disputed claims that the prison uprising had been sparked by poor living conditions. Since the Waikeria top-jail building "was not fit for anything," remand prisoners housed at Waikeria would be accommodated at other prisons around the country. The Government has launched two inquiries into the causes of the five-day Waikeria prison unrest while the Human Rights Commission had called for a further independent enquiry by the Ombudsman. Due to the damage caused by the prison unrest, closure of the top jail is imminent with the building due to be replaced with a new facility the following year.[68][69]

Tongariro/Rangipo Prison

Tongariro/Rangipo Prison began as a prison camp called Rangipo in Turangi in 1922. When it started the few inmates were housed in tents, the cookhouse was the only building with corrugated iron roof and walls. To access the site with materials and officers they had to be transported across Lake Taupo to Wihi, near Tokaanu. Then travel by bullock wagon to Rangipo. The Hautu prison site was established in 1926, and the 2 prison camps became combined to be called Tongariro Prison 1958 / 59,[74] a separate entity in 1977.[75] The prison is on a large site of more than 8,000 hectares off the Desert Road near Turangi. Around 4200 hectares of this land is forested and 2400 hectares is farmed. The remaining 1840 hectares are roads, river reserves, wetlands and native forest. The prison holds about 600 prisoners classified as minimum to low-medium security and 251 staff. Given its size, the Department says it is not possible to surround the Tongariro/Rangipo Prison site with razor wire fencing but units within the prison grounds are said to be appropriately fenced.[76] In 1998, 204 cannabis plants, with an estimated street value of almost $1 million, were found growing at the prison - although the Department denies the crop was grown by prisoners.[77] In July 2011, a former Rangipo Prison guard Manu Stanley Jensen, was sentenced to 16 months in jail after accepting a bribe to supply cannabis to a prisoner.[78]

Tongariro/Rangipo has one of the five Māori Focus Units in New Zealand prisons. The Māori Focus Units aim to bring about positive changes in offenders' thinking and behaviour through the practice of Māori values and disciplines, and specialist Māori programmes. The prison also has a strong relationship with local iwi and a special relationship with the surrounding hapu - Ngati Turamakina, Ngāti Tūrangitukua, Ngati Rongomai and Ngati Hine. Representatives of the hapu meet bi-monthly with the Prison Manager.[75] In 2000, a 25-year-old prisoner Aupai Bruce Tohu drowned after the waka he was on capsized in choppy weather while taking part in a Maori cultural training course. Two years earlier, Rangipo prisoner Matthew Neave, aged 30, also drowned after parachuting into Lake Taupo.[79]

In 2001, the health and safety coordinator for the Corrections Association, Brian Davies, issued a report claiming that the use of buckets as toilets was unhygienic and disgusting both for prisoners and guards. The report said this and other issues were among urgent problems that need fixing in rundown prisons - and cited Rangipo prison as one of the worst offenders.[80] When Corrections Minister Anne Tolley announced prison closures in 2012, some units at Rangipo were included in this announcement.[81]

Hawke's Bay Regional Prison

Hawke's Bay Regional Prison, originally called Mangaroa, is located near Hastings. It opened in October 1989, replacing the old Napier Prison, which closed in 1993. Mangaroa holds about 640 prisoners and has 325 staff.[82] Hawke's Bay Regional Prison has one of the five Māori Focus Units in New Zealand prisons. The Māori Focus Units aim to bring about positive changes in offenders' thinking and behaviour through the practice of Māori values and disciplines, and specialist Māori programmes. It has a Drug Treatment Unit for prisoners with drug or alcohol problems.

The prison also had one of New Zealand's three Youth Units which accommodates prisoners under the age of 18 and prisoners aged 18–19 who are deemed to be vulnerable in the mainstream prison environment. The Department says youth prisoners are offered a range of psychological, educational and vocational training and claims it meets its obligations under the Education Act 1989 - which requires all under-16-year-olds to be in full-time education.[82] However, Judith Baragwanath, a Parole Board member and former teacher says 92% of teenage offenders in the Youth Units have a learning disability and tutors employed by the Department of Corrections to teach in the Youth Units are not subject to any accredited professional teaching standards. She also says the Youth Units have never been subject to scrutiny by the Education Review Office.

The Youth Unit was closed in 2011 after a disturbance by two 17-year-olds in which one of them threw boiling water over an officer, and stabbing the Officer. The inmates caused considerable damage and 11 months later, the unit was still not back in use and no decision had been made on when it would reopen.[83]

Whanganui Prison

Whanganui Prison, in Kaitoke, holds about 538 prisoners and employs 252 staff. The oldest part of the prison, the main Kaitoke Prison complex, was built in 1978, and Te Ohorere, a Self Care Unit, and Te Whakataa minimum security units opened in 2005. Self-care units allow prisoners to get accustomed to living in a house or flat environment within the prison fences; they are designed to give prisoners the opportunity to learn and practise the skills they will need to live independently after release.[84]

Whanganui Prison has one of the five Māori Focus Units in New Zealand prisons. The Māori Focus Units aim to bring about positive changes in offenders' thinking and behaviour through the practice of Māori values and disciplines, and specialist Māori programmes.

Whanganui Prison also has a stand-alone 12-cell at-risk facility to deal with suicidal inmates. Only two prisons in New Zealand have units specifically designed for this purpose. The other is at Waikeria and houses up to 30 prisoners in 26 cells.[85]

Manawatu Prison

Manawatu Prison holds about 290 prisoners and employs 136 staff. It is located at Linton, south of Palmerston North. The prison began as the Manawatu Youth Institution in 1979 for young male prisoners motivated to make use of the institution's educational, social development, trade training and community-based programmes. It became Manawatu Prison in 1985.[86]

Manawatu prison has a voluntary faith based unit known as the Alpha Unit. The Unit is based on the spiritual values of the Christian faiths and it provides a supportive environment committed to the Principles, Values and Attitudes programme. The programme is run by the prison chaplain and prisoners volunteer to reside in it.[87]

Southern Region

Rimutaka Prison

Rimutaka Prison is located in the suburb of Trentham, Upper Hutt. It is New Zealand's largest prison, holding up to 1078 prisoners and employing about 570 staff. The prison opened in 1967 and was originally named Wi Tako Prison until the name was changed to Rimutaka Prison circa 1990.[88] It is on a large site at the end of Freyberg Road and the number of cells and prison units has grown substantially in recent years to accommodate rising prisoner numbers. In 2010, Rimutaka became the first prison in New Zealand to open a container-cell unit.[89] The cells are constructed from refurbished shipping containers and the unit houses up to 60 prisoners in a mix of single and double-bunked cells.

Rimutaka Prison includes several specialist rehabilitation units. It has one of the five Māori Focus Units in New Zealand prisons, a Drug Treatment Unit for prisoners with drug or alcohol problems. A Faith-Based Unit providing a programme for prisoners centred around the Christian faith was closed in 2012 after evaluation found it had no impact on reducing reoffending.[90]

Rimutaka also has a 30-bed special treatment unit for violent prisoners called Te Whare Manaakitanga. Prisoners in this unit are taught skills to enable them to live without using violence; this includes conflict resolution, the use of timeout, impulse control and how to challenge their own distorted thinking. The prisoners also learn to change their attitudes towards women.[89] Offenders have to be classified as having a high risk of re-offending in order to attend this programme.

Rimutaka prison opened the country's first dementia unit in December 2012.[91] The Corrections Department said a "high dependency unit" will be created for some of the 120 inmates aged over 65 who struggle with daily tasks, such as showering themselves. Wellington lawyer Mary More, who represents a 75-year-old prisoner believes the unit is long overdue and said: "The Department of Corrections needs to recognise that the courts are sending more and more people to prison for longer ... and we are going to have an aging prison population."[92]

Arohata Women's Prison

Arohata Women's Prison.

Arohata Prison, one of New Zealand's three women's prisons, is located near Tawa, a suburb in the north of Wellington. The Māori-language name Arohata means "bridge"; it reflects the belief that the prison provides a bridge between past offending and a future in the wider community. The prison, built in 1944, originally operated as a women's borstal. It became a youth prison in 1981 and a women's prison in 1987. It held about 150 prisoners and employed 73 staff as of 2013.[93]

The prison includes a Drug Treatment Unit, established in 1999, for prisoners with drug or alcohol problems[94] and is the only women's prison that operates a DTU. Women from Christchurch or Auckland women's prisons who have addictions have to move to Arohata prison to take part in the programme.[95]

Arohata also runs the Kowhiritanga ('Making Choices') Rehabilitation Programme specifically for female prisoners, many of whom have been exposed to sexual and psychological abuse during childhood and in their adult relationships.[95][94] Most of the programme is based on cognitive-behavioural therapy,[96] dialectical behaviour therapy, group psychotherapy, recreational psychology and a narrative approach to therapy. A Toastmasters group and other volunteers have helped implement a variety of programs such as yoga, quilting, Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, the Catholic-based grief "Seasons for Growth" programme, public-speaking skills,[94] and a kitten-fostering programme.[97]

Christchurch Prison

Christchurch Prison, also known as Paparua Prison, is located near Paparua to the west of Christchurch. It was built in 1925 and accommodates about 930 prisoners.[98] The prison includes a Drug Treatment Unit for prisoners with drug and alcohol problems as well as a Youth Unit for prisoners under 18 years old.

In September 2010 and 2011, Christchurch was hit by two major earthquakes. The prison suffered no major damage from the first quake but about half of the 800 inmates were moved as a precaution after it affected the prison's plumbing systems. Some were taken by bus to Otago Correctional Facility and others were flown to prisons in the North Island.[99] Those inmates left behind were required to put together ration packs and prepare meals for rescuers.[100]

After the second quake in February 2011, a decision was made to move prisoners from Christchurch's Rolleston prison to Christchurch Men's prison, emptying 320 beds to create accommodation for the influx of rescuers into the city.[101]

Christchurch Women's Prison

Christchurch Women's Prison is one of three female prisons in New Zealand. It is located near Paparua to the west of Christchurch and holds 138 prisoners and employs 70 staff. The prison opened in 1974 when prisoners and staff transferred to the site from Dunedin Prison and Christchurch Prison's Women's Division. The prison remains the only women's prison in the South Island.[102]

The prison provides the Kowhiritanga ('Making Choices') rehabilitation programme designed to address the particular needs of female offenders – many of whom have suffered sexual abuse during childhood and in their current relationships.[45][46]

The prison has nine Self-Care Units where longer-serving prisoners may be eligible to spend time as they near release. These are residential-style units inside the prison that let prisoners get used to living in a flatting type environment and give prisoners an opportunity to learn and practise the skills they will need to live independently after release. The Living Skills Programme is also delivered in the Self-Care Units and some prisoners participate on the Release to Work programme.[102]

In 2011 a unit at the prison was upgraded allowing female prisoners to live with their babies for up to two years as part of a 2008 law change extending the time a baby can stay with a gaoled mother from nine months. The upgrade allows four mothers and their babies to live together.[103]

Rolleston Prison

Rolleston prison is located at Runners Rd in Rolleston, south-west of Christchurch. It was originally established in 1958 as an army detention centre.[104] It was first used as a prison in 1986 when the new Corrective Training Centre was built called the Tawa unit.

The prison was extensively renovated in 1987 to increase capacity and in 1989 the 60 bed Kia Marama unit opened - one of only two such units in the country. The unit delivers group-based treatment within a therapeutic environment to child sex offenders. The programme helps prisoners look at their patterns of behaviour and identify high-risk situations. Evaluations have shown that the programme is very effective in reducing re-offending. In 1992 the 60 bed Kowhai unit opened and an additional two units have been completed since then. Rolleston now holds about 320 male prisoners and employs 93 staff.

Because Rolleston Prison contains prisoners assessed as being of minimal risk to the public, the level of physical security is lower than would be found at many other prisons. It does not have a perimeter fence. Instead, individual units have their own secure fencing and the prison has electronic security devices around the perimeter.[105] Older units at Rolleston are set to close as part of the Department's decision to close down older prisons and build a new 960 bed prison for males at Wiri.[106]

Otago Corrections Facility

Otago Corrections Facility (OCF) is located near Milton. It opened in 2007 and was one of four new prisons that opened between 2005 and 2007.[107] OCF was intended to hold about 425 male prisoners and employ 201 staff. When double bunking was introduced at OCF in 2010, inmate numbers rose to 480.[108]

The prison provides three rehabilitation programmes. The Medium Intensity Rehabilitation Programme is designed for prisoners in the middle risk range – those not considered high risk but still enough of a risk to warrant rehabilitation. The Short Rehabilitation Programme is a brief rehabilitation programme aimed at a smaller number of prisoners who require rehabilitation but do not have enough time in their sentence to complete a longer programme. OCF also has a Drug Treatment Unit for prisoners with drug and alcohol problems.[109]

Invercargill Prison

Invercargill Prison, in Invercargill, holds about 165 prisoners. Built in 1910, the prison operated as a borstal until 1981. In 2012 a rehabilitation programme was introduced at Invercargill Prison. A decision was made to run the Medium Intensity Rehabilitation Programme after the Corrections Department recognised there was a sufficient number of prisoners in need of such a programme. Corrections rehabilitation and reintegration services regional manager Steve Berry said programme facilitators from the Otago Corrections Facility would travel from Dunedin four times a week for 13 weeks.[110]

Youth justice residences

There are four youth correctional facilities, termed youth justice residences, located in Auckland, Rotorua, Palmerston North and Christchurch. Only the Auckland facility is licensed to take young offenders sentenced to imprisonment under the Sentencing Act 2002; the other three only take young offenders sentenced to residence under the Child, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989. All youth justice residences are operated by Child, Youth and Family.

Name	Location	Opened	Gender	Type/Security	Capacity	Ref
Korowai Manaaki Youth Justice Residence	Wiri, Auckland 37.0161°S 174.8532°E		Both	Youth offenders	40	[111]
Te Maioha o Parekarangi Youth Justice Residence	south-west of Rotorua 38.1933°S 176.2246°E	2010	Both	Youth offenders	30	[111]
Te Au rere a te Tonga Youth Justice Residence	Kelvin Grove, Palmerston North 40.3258°S 175.6356°E		Male	Youth offenders	30	[111]
Te Puna Wai ō Tuhinapo Youth Justice Residence	near Rolleston, Canterbury 43.6043°S 172.3393°E	2005	Both	Youth offenders	40	[111]

Closed facilities

Addington Prison

Located in the Christchurch suburb of Addington, the prison was built in 1874 under the guidance of Benjamin W. Mountfort, who also designed the Christchurch Cathedral, the Canterbury Museum and the Canterbury Provincial Council Chambers. Addington Prison was closed in 1999.

The Mountfort cell block and remaining perimeter walls are scheduled as a protected item, for historical and architectural reasons, in the Christchurch City Plan. It has been converted into a budget backpackers known as Jailhouse Accommodation.[112]

Dunedin Prison

Dunedin Prison was built (completed) in 1896 and operated until 2007 when all prison services in the region were shifted to the new Otago Corrections Facility near Milton.[113]

Napier Prison

Napier Prison opened in 1862 on Bluff Hill in Napier. It closed in 1993, with prisoners transferring to Hawke's Bay Regional Prison.[114]

New Plymouth Prison

New Plymouth Prison used to hold up to 112 minimum to high-medium security prisoners and employed 65 staff. The prison also accommodated offenders on remand. The prison was originally an army hospital in the 1860s during the Taranaki land wars. The site was converted to a prison later that decade.[115] From 1917 to 1952 it held mainly prisoners convicted of homosexual offences. In 2012, Corrections Minister, Anne Tolley announced it would be closed "because old prisons didn't suit modern rehabilitation training and education methods."[116] It closed in 2013.

Wellington Prison

Wellington Prison, also known as Mount Crawford, used to hold about 120 prisoners and employed 35 custodial staff. It was built in 1927 next to the suburb of Miramar in Wellington and replaced the original Terrace Gaol in central Wellington. The prison only accommodated prisoners who were on voluntary segregation – prisoners who have asked to be separated from the mainstream prison population.[117]

The Wellington prison was temporarily closed in June 2008 during a "seasonal prison population trough", however it reopened in July 2009 when the national prison population increased once again.[118] In 2012, Corrections Minister, Anne Tolley announced it would be closed permanently "because the old prisons didn't suit modern rehabilitation training and education methods."[116]

See also

• List of prisons

References

1. Noted. "The case for closing prisons". Noted. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
2. "Northland Region Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2019.
3. "Auckland Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 July 2014.
4. "Mt Eden Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
5. "Auckland Region Women's Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
6. "Auckland South Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
7. "Spring Hill Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
8. "Waikeria Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
9. "Tongariro/Rangipo Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 July 2014.
10. "Hawke's Bay Regional Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
11. "Whanganui Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
12. "Manawatu Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
13. "Rimutaka Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
14. "Arohata Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
15. "Christchurch Men's Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
16. "Rolleston Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
17. "Otago Corrections Facility". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
18. "Invercargill Prison". Department of Corrections. 1 August 2015.
19. Kepa Morgan: Heeding the taniwha can help avert expensive blunders, New Zealand Herald, 14 June 2011.
20. Auckland Prison Archived 22 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department website
21. Back behind bars, Sunday Star Times 14 February 2012
22. New Drug Treatment Unit for Auckland, Corrections website
23. Noted. "Paremoremo Prison: An inmate's view from the inside". Noted. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
24. History of Mt Eden Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
25. Squalid, sub-standard conditions at Mt Eden Prison, NZ Herald 26 February 2006;
26. Editorial: Age alone should not protect jail NZ Herald 9 May 2008
27. History of Mt Eden Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department website
28. Condemned jail outlasts the critics, NZ Herald 26 April 2000
29. Privately-run prisons not an option, says Swain. New Zealand Herald. 13 July 2005.
30. $216m prison to replace Mt Eden, Govt confirms, NZ Herald 7 May 2008
31. Mt Eden Corrections Facility Archived 17 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department website
32. Private manager for Mt Eden prison named, New Zealand Herald, 14 December 2010
33. Exclusive: Secret gang fight club at Mt Eden prison revealed, TVOne News, 16 July 2015
34. Serco's contract to run Mt Eden prison not renewed, NZ Herald 9 December 2015
35. Noted. "Mama Pam: The Auckland prison officer dishing out tough love to inmates". Noted. Retrieved 19 June 2019.
36. Auckland Regional Women's Corrections Facility - Innovate NZ, Brochure of the '2007 ACENZ Awards of Excellence', Page 38
37. New private prison at Wiri given green light, NZ Herald 8 March 2012
38. Official nod makes Wiri biggest prison precinct, NZ Herald 2 August 2011
39. Prisons full to overflowing, NZ Herald 24 June 2004
40. Why are there so many men behind bars? NZ Herald 12 January 2012
41. $99.6m blowout in cost of women's prison appals National, NZ Herald 16 January 2007
42. Auckland Women's Corrections Facility Archived 14 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
43. Auckland Region Women’s Correction Facility Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
44. All mod cons - but this is no resort, NZ Herald 14 February 2006
45. Auckland Region Women’s Correction Facility Archived 9 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department Factsheet, p 2.
46. Business chief joins panel to help fight child poverty, NZ Herald 21 March 2012
47. Puppies behind bars for training, NZ Herald 2 April 2010
48. Why people fall in love with dogs, NZ Herald 19 July 2012
49. "South Auckland prison to be public-private set up". The New Zealand Herald. 14 April 2010.
50. Collins, Simon (2 August 2011). "Official nod makes Wiri biggest prison precinct". The New Zealand Herald.
51. Orsman, Bernard; Cheng, Derek (19 November 2010). "Board to bypass consents for prison". The New Zealand Herald.
52. http://www.stuff.co.nz/dominion-post/news/5751962/Countrys-prison-roll-tumbling
53. Cheng, Derek (11 October 2011). "Wiri prison may not be needed, says PM". The New Zealand Herald.
54. New private prison at Wiri given green light, New Zealand Herald, 8 March 2012.
55. "Corrections Department NZ - Auckland South Corrections Facility". Retrieved 16 March 2018.
56. Collins, Simon (8 May 2015). "NZ's first privately-owned jail opened today". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
57. Cheng, Derek (5 November 2017). "Govt wants to axe new prison and lower prison muster". New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
58. "Spring Hill Corrections Facility (SHCF)". Department of Corrections. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
59. Wiri leads regional race for new prison, NZ Herald, 30 May 2009
60. Accountant to probe prison cost blowouts. NZ Herald. 30 March 2006.
61. $7.5m gets jail work moving. NZ Herald. 9 December 2004.
62. Inmate who killed prison officer had threatened him, NZ Herald, 12 December 2011
63. "Key confirms prison closures". The New Zealand Herald. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
64. "Karaka Special Treatment Unit". Department of Corrections. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
65. "Waikeria Prison Factsheet" (PDF). Department of Corrections. April 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
66. Dillane, Tom; Kirkness, Luke (30 December 2020). "Waikeria uprising: Third of prison's bed capacity destroyed in riots". The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
67. Hope, Sharnae (31 December 2020). "Waikeria Prison remains in lockdown as riot enters day 3". Stuff. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
68. "Waikeria Prison surrender: Family members claim complaints about 'disgusting' conditions made, despite Corrections saying otherwise". Stuff. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
69. "Waikeria Prison rioters surrender after six-day stand-off; jail conditions not reason for unrest, says Kelvin Davis". The New Zealand Herald. 3 January 2021. Archived from the original on 3 January 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
70. "Waikeria prison riot: 'Significant' damage after fires lit, prisoners on roof". Radio New Zealand. 30 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 December 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020.
71. "Corrections making 'untrue' comments about Waikeria Prison protest, inmates' families allege". 1 News. 2 January 2020. Archived from the original on 2 January 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
72. "Waikeria prison uprising: Rioting inmates haven't been given any food". Newstalk ZB. 30 December 2020. Archived from the original on 30 December 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
73. Ensor, Jamie (2 January 2021). "Waikeria Minister: National MPs refused entry, Judith Collins critical of 'nowhere to be seen' Kelvin Davis". Newshub. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
74. Rosemary Banks, daughter of original Rangipo officer Archibald Banks
75. Rangipo Prison Factsheet Archived 10 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department website
76. Tongariro/Rangipo Prison Archived 1 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections Department website
77. 10,000 prisoners on drug counts, NZ Herald, 29 October 2001
78. Drug-smuggling puts guard behind bars, The New Zealand Herald, 20 July 2011
79. Grieving uncle laments 'a waste', NZ Herald, 5 January 2000
80. Rundown jails need $420m cash fix, NZ Herald, 4 January 2001.
81. Minister defends prison closure plans, NZ Herald, 23 March 2012
82. Hawkes Bay Regional Prison Factsheet Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
83. Teen gets seven more years for prison riot, Hawkes Bay Today, 18 May 2012
84. Wanganui Prison Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
85. Waikeria's at-risk unit too late for one inmate, NZ Herald 7 July 2000
86. About Manawatu prison
87. Manawatu Prison, Corrections website
88. "Case Study: An Analysis of the Host Community Experience of Rimutaka Prison" (PDF). Taylor Baines & Associates. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
89. Rimutaka Prison Factsheet Archived 3 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
90. Faith-based prison unit to close, Stuff 26 October 2012
91. http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/new-health-dependency-unit-opens-rimutaka-prison
92. Rimutaka prison to open first dementia unit, NZ Herald 3 July 2012
93. Arohata Prison Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
94. McBride, Trish. "Hope and Healing in Prison". Department of Corrections. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
95. Cowlishaw, Shane (25 January 2014). "Inside Arohata Women's Prison". Stuff.co.nz.
96. "Stepping up at Arohata Prison". Arts Access Aotearoa. 24 January 2012. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
97. Nightingale, Melissa (10 February 2019). "Prisoners care for kittens in fostering programme at Arohata Prison wing in Upper Hutt". NZ Herald.
98. Christchurch Men's Prison Archived 14 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
99. 500 prison inmates moved for safety, NZ Herald 8 September 2010
100. Prisoners shoring up Christchurch relief efforts, NZ Herald 15 March 2011
101. Christchurch quake: Theft arrests in devastated CBD, NZ Herald, 23 February 2011
102. Christchurch Women’s Prison Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
103. Prison mums to keep babies longer, 21 September 2011
104. Rolleston Prison Archived 10 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
105. Rolleston Prison Archived 30 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
106. Minister defends prison closure plans, NZ Herald 23 March 2012
107. Otago Corrections Facility (OCF) Archived 30 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
108. Minister jeered at new drug treatment centre, Stuff website 24 June 2010
109. Otago Corrections Facility Archived 29 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
110. Prison rehab programme aims to cut reoffending, Southland Times 29 March 2012
111. "Youth Justice Residences". Child, Youth and Family. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
112. "10 prisons that have been transformed into tourist accomodation [sic]". Stuff. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
113. "Dunedin Prison". Dunedin Prison Trust. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
114. "Napier Prison Tours". New Zealand.com. Tourism New Zealand. Archived from the original on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
115. New Plymouth Prison Archived 18 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
116. Minister defends prison closure plans, New Zealand Herald, 23 March 2012.
117. Wellington Prison Archived 24 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Corrections website
118. "High demand forces Wellington prison to reopen". New Zealand Herald. 10 June 2009.

External links

• The Department of Correction's website prison locator.