List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes

This list of "sequenced" eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been sequenced, assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the first eukaryotic organism to have its complete genome sequence determined.

DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.

Protists

Following are the six earliest sequenced genomes of protists. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced protist genomes.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Guillardia theta	Cryptomonad	Model organism	0.551 Mb (nucleomorph genome only)	465,[1] 513, 598 (UniProt)	Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia	2001[1]
Plasmodium falciparum Clone:3D7	Apicomplexan	Human pathogen (malaria)	22.9 Mb	5,268[2]	Malaria Genome Project Consortium	2002[2]
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii Strain:17XNL	Apicomplexan	Rodent pathogen (malaria)	23.1 Mb	5,878[3]	TIGR and NMRC	2002[3]
Cryptosporidium hominis Strain:TU502	Apicomplexan	Human pathogen	10.4 Mb	3,994[4]	Virginia Commonwealth University	2004[4]
Cryptosporidium parvum C- or genotype 2 isolate	Apicomplexan	Human pathogen	16.5 Mb	3,807[5]	UCSF and University of Minnesota	2004[5]
Thalassiosira pseudonana Strain:CCMP 1335	Diatom	Model organism	34.5 Mb	11,242[6]	Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington	2004[6]

Plants

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of plants. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced plant genomes.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of chromosomes	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Arabidopsis thaliana Ecotype:Columbia	Wild mustard Thale Cress	Model plant	135 Mb[7]	5	25,498,[8] 27,400,[9] 31,670 (UniProt)	Arabidopsis Genome Initiative[10]	2000[8]
Cyanidioschyzon merolae Strain:10D	Red algae	Simple eukaryote	16.5 Mb	20	5,331[11]	University of Tokyo, Rikkyo University, Saitama University and Kumamoto University	2004[11]
Oryza sativa ssp indica	Rice	Crop and model organism	420 Mb	12	32-50,000[12]	Beijing Genomics Institute, Zhejiang University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences	2002[12]
Ostreococcus tauri	Green algae	Simple eukaryote, small genome	12.6 Mb		7,969 (UniProt)	Laboratoire Arago	2006[13]
Populus trichocarpa	Balsam poplar or Black Cottonwood	Carbon sequestration, model tree, commercial use (timber), and comparison to A. thaliana	550 Mb	19	45,555[14]	The International Poplar Genome Consortium	2006[14]

Fungi

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of fungi. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced fungi genomes.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain:S288C	Saccharomycetes	Baker's Yeast; Model eukaryote	12.1 Mb	6,294[15]	International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing[16]	1996[15]
Encephalitozoon cuniculi	Microsporidium	Human pathogen	2.9 Mb	1,997[17]	Genoscope and Université Blaise Pascal	2001[17]
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Strain:972h-	Schizosaccharomycetes	Model eukaryote	14 Mb	4,824[18]	Sanger Institute and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory	2002[18]
Neurospora crassa	Sordariomycetes	Model eukaryote	40 Mb	10,082[19]	Broad Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, University of Kentucky, and the University of Kansas	2003[19]
Phanerochaete chrysosporium Strain:RP78 Imagine!	Agaricomycetes	Wood rotting fungus, use in mycoremediation	30 Mb	11,777[20]	Joint Genome Institute	2004[20]

Animals

Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of animals. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced animal genomes.

Organism	Type	Relevance	Genome size	Number of genes predicted	Organization	Year of completion
Caenorhabditis elegans Strain:Bristol N2	Nematode	Model animal	100 Mb	19,000[21]	Washington University and the Sanger Institute	1998[21]
Drosophila melanogaster	Fruit fly	Model animal	165 Mb	13,600[22]	Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP	2000[22]
Anopheles gambiae Strain: PEST	Mosquito	Vector of malaria	278 Mb	13,683[23]	Celera Genomics and Genoscope	2002[23]
Takifugu rubripes	Puffer fish	Vertebrate with small genome	390 Mb	22–29,000[24]	International Fugu Genome Consortium[25]	2002[26]
Homo sapiens	Human		3.2 Gb[27]	18,826 (CCDS consortium)	Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics	Draft 2001[28][29] Complete 2006[30]

See also

• Genome project, Human genome
• Genomic organization
• History of genetics
• List of sequenced animal genomes
• List of sequenced archaeal genomes
• List of sequenced bacterial genomes
• List of sequenced fungi genomes
• List of sequenced plant genomes
• List of sequenced plastomes
• List of sequenced protist genomes

References

1. Douglas S, Zauner S, Fraunholz M, et al. (April 2001). "The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus". Nature. 410 (6832): 1091–6. Bibcode:2001Natur.410.1091D. doi:10.1038/35074092. PMID 11323671.
2. Gardner MJ, Hall N, Fung E, et al. (October 2002). "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum". Nature. 419 (6906): 498–511. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..498G. doi:10.1038/nature01097. PMC 3836256. PMID 12368864.
3. Carlton JM, Angiuoli SV, Suh BB, et al. (October 2002). "Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii". Nature. 419 (6906): 512–9. Bibcode:2002Natur.419..512C. doi:10.1038/nature01099. PMID 12368865.
4. Xu P, Widmer G, Wang Y, et al. (October 2004). "The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis". Nature. 431 (7012): 1107–12. Bibcode:2004Natur.431.1107X. doi:10.1038/nature02977. PMID 15510150.
5. Abrahamsen MS, Templeton TJ, Enomoto S, et al. (April 2004). "Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum". Science. 304 (5669): 441–5. Bibcode:2004Sci...304..441A. doi:10.1126/science.1094786. PMID 15044751. S2CID 26434820.
6. Armbrust EV, Berges JA, Bowler C, et al. (October 2004). "The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism". Science. 306 (5693): 79–86. Bibcode:2004Sci...306...79A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.690.4884. doi:10.1126/science.1101156. PMID 15459382. S2CID 8593895.
7. https://www.arabidopsis.org/portals/genAnnotation/gene_structural_annotation/agicomplete.jsp
8. The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (December 2000). "Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana". Nature. 408 (6814): 796–815. Bibcode:2000Natur.408..796T. doi:10.1038/35048692. PMID 11130711.
9. Ensembl entry
10. Arabidopsis Genome Initiative Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine
11. Matsuzaki M, Misumi O, Shin-I T, et al. (April 2004). "Genome sequence of the ultrasmall unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae 10D". Nature. 428 (6983): 653–7. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..653M. doi:10.1038/nature02398. PMID 15071595.
12. Goff SA, Ricke D, Lan TH, et al. (April 2002). "A draft sequence of the rice genome (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)". Science. 296 (5565): 92–100. Bibcode:2002Sci...296...92G. doi:10.1126/science.1068275. PMID 11935018. S2CID 2960202.
13. Derelle E, Ferraz C, Rombauts S, et al. (August 2006). "Genome analysis of the smallest free-living eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri unveils many unique features". PNAS. 103 (31): 11647–52. Bibcode:2006PNAS..10311647D. doi:10.1073/pnas.0604795103. PMC 1544224. PMID 16868079.
14. Tuskan GA, Difazio S, Jansson S, et al. (September 2006). "The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)". Science. 313 (5793): 1596–604. Bibcode:2006Sci...313.1596T. doi:10.1126/science.1128691. PMID 16973872. S2CID 7717980.
15. Goffeau A, Barrell BG, Bussey H, et al. (October 1996). "Life with 6000 genes". Science. 274 (5287): 546, 563–7. Bibcode:1996Sci...274..546G. doi:10.1126/science.274.5287.546. PMID 8849441. S2CID 16763139.
16. International Collaboration for the Yeast Genome Sequencing Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
17. Katinka MD, Duprat S, Cornillot E, et al. (November 2001). "Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi". Nature. 414 (6862): 450–3. Bibcode:2001Natur.414..450K. doi:10.1038/35106579. PMID 11719806.
18. Wood V, Gwilliam R, Rajandream MA, et al. (February 2002). "The genome sequence of Schizosaccharomyces pombe". Nature. 415 (6874): 871–80. doi:10.1038/nature724. PMID 11859360.
19. Galagan JE, Calvo SE, Borkovich KA, et al. (April 2003). "The genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa". Nature. 422 (6934): 859–68. Bibcode:2003Natur.422..859G. doi:10.1038/nature01554. PMID 12712197.
20. Martinez, Diego; Larrondo, Luis F; Putnam, Nik; Gelpke, Maarten D Sollewijn; Huang, Katherine; Chapman, Jarrod; Helfenbein, Kevin G; Ramaiya, Preethi; et al. (2004). "Genome sequence of the lignocellulose degrading fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain RP78". Nature Biotechnology. 22 (6): 695–700. doi:10.1038/nbt967. PMID 15122302.
21. C. elegans Sequencing Consortium (December 1998). "Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology". Science. 282 (5396): 2012–8. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.2012.. doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2012. PMID 9851916.
22. Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, et al. (March 2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science. 287 (5461): 2185–95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.549.8639. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185. PMID 10731132.
23. Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A, et al. (October 2002). "The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae". Science. 298 (5591): 129–49. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..129H. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.149.9058. doi:10.1126/science.1076181. PMID 12364791. S2CID 4512225.H
24. International Fugu Genome Consortium. Forth Genome Assembly Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
25. International Fugu Genome Consortium Archived 2012-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
26. Aparicio S, Chapman J, Stupka E, et al. (August 2002). "Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes". Science. 297 (5585): 1301–10. Bibcode:2002Sci...297.1301A. doi:10.1126/science.1072104. PMID 12142439. S2CID 10310355.
27. Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, International (October 2004). "Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome". Nature. 431 (7011): 931–45. Bibcode:2004Natur.431..931H. doi:10.1038/nature03001. PMID 15496913.
28. McPherson JD, Marra M, Hillier L, et al. (February 2001). "A physical map of the human genome". Nature. 409 (6822): 934–41. Bibcode:2001Natur.409..934M. doi:10.1038/35057157. PMID 11237014.
29. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, et al. (February 2001). "The sequence of the human genome". Science. 291 (5507): 1304–51. Bibcode:2001Sci...291.1304V. doi:10.1126/science.1058040. PMID 11181995.
30. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, et al. (May 2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature. 441 (7091): 315–21. Bibcode:2006Natur.441..315G. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414.

External links

• Diark - a resource for eukaryotic genome research
• EMBL-EBL Eukaryotic Genomes
• UCSC Genome Browser
• International Sequencing Consortium - Large-scale Sequencing Project Database
• Ensembl The Ensembl Genome Browser (includes draft and low coverage genomes)
• GOLD:Genomes OnLine Database v 3.0
• SUPERFAMILY comparative genomics database Includes genomes of all completely sequenced eukaryotes, and sophisticated datamining plus visualisation tools for analysis
• Rat Genome Database