Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire

Louisa Frederica Augusta Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, formerly Louisa Montagu, Duchess of Manchester (born Luise Friederike Auguste, Countess von Alten; 15 June 1832 – 15 July 1911), was a German-born British aristocrat sometimes referred to as the "Double Duchess" due to her marriages, firstly to the 7th Duke of Manchester and then to the 8th Duke of Devonshire.[1]

Her Grace The Duchess of Devonshire
Photographic portrait, 1884
Mistress of the Robes
In office 24 February 1858 – 11 June 1859
Preceded by	The Duchess of Sutherland
Succeeded by	The Duchess of Sutherland
Personal details
Born	Luise Friederike Auguste, Countess von Alten 15 June 1832 Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover
Died	15 July 1911 (aged 79) Surrey, England
Resting place	Edensor, Derbyshire, England
Spouse(s)	William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester ​ ​ (m. 1852; died 1890)​ Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire ​ ​ (m. 1892; died 1908)​
Children	George Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester Mary Louisa, Duchess of Hamilton Louisa Augusta, Countess of Gosford Lord Charles Montagu Alice Maude, Countess of Derby
Parents	Karl Franz Viktor, Count von Alten Hermine von Schminke

Early life

Luise Friederike Auguste, Countess von Alten, was born 15 June 1832 at Hanover in what was then the Kingdom of Hanover. She was a daughter of Karl Franz Viktor, Count von Alten (1800–1879), and his wife, Hermine von Schminke (1806–1868).[2][3] Her siblings included: Helene Charlotte Auguste, Countess of Alten, who married Andrei Bludov, Carl Friedrich Franz Victor, Count of Alten, who married Carolina Frederica Groeninx van Zoelen, and Guidobaldine, Countess of Alten, who married Graf August Grote and Don Luigi Maria Colonna, Prince of Stigliano, and Detlof von Bülow.[4][5]

Her paternal grandparents were Adolf Viktor Christian Jobst, Count von Alten (1755–1820), and Charlotte Louise Wilhelmine Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau.[5]

Mistress of the Robes

"A social climber with a nose for power", the 26-year-old Duchess (through her friendship with Lord Derby, the then prime minister) was appointed Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria in February 1858, resigning in June 1859, when Lord Derby's government fell.[6] Victoria regretted her departure, calling her "a very pleasant, nice, sensible person".[6] The Duchess soon developed close friendships with Edward, Prince of Wales and Alexandra, Princess of Wales.[7]

Lady Eleanor Stanley recorded in her diary in 1859 that during a "paper chase", the Duchess caught her hoop while climbing over a stile and was left with the entirety of her crinoline and skirts thrown over her head, revealing her scarlet drawers to the assembled company.[8] The Duc de Malakoff, the French ambassador, is said to have exclaimed "C'était diabolique!" at the sight.[9]

Devonshire House Ball of 1897

In July 1897, the Duchess hosted the Devonshire House Fancy Dress Ball at Devonshire House, the London residence of the Dukes of Devonshire during the 18th and 19th centuries. The party was a costume ball thrown to celebrate Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee. The Queen's Private Secretary, Francis Knollys, wrote to the Duchess that the Prince of Wales (who dressed as the Grand Master of the Knights of Malta) thought the party a success. At the ball, the Duchess dressed as Queen Zenobia of Palmyra.[1]

Marriages and issue

Illustration of Kimbolton Castle in 1880, which shows the present mansion as rebuilt between 1690 and 1720

On 22 July 1852, the twenty-year old Louisa was married at Hanover to Viscount Mandeville, eldest son and heir of the 6th Duke of Manchester. Upon his father's death on 8 August 1855, he succeeded his father as 7th Duke of Manchester, and Louisa became Duchess of Manchester.[10][11]

They had five children:[12]

1. George Victor Drogo Montagu, 8th Duke of Manchester (1853–1892), who married Consuelo Yznaga (1853–1909), and had issue.[12]
2. Lady Mary Louisa Elizabeth Montagu (1854–1934), who was born at Kimbolton Castle and married, firstly, to William Douglas-Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton, at Kimbolton Castle on 10 December 1873, and had issue. She secondly married on 20 July 1897 to Robert Carnaby Forster of Easton Park, Wickham Market, Suffolk (d. 1925), without issue.[12]
3. Lady Louisa Augusta Beatrice Montagu (1856–1944), born at Kimbolton Castle. She married Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, on 10 August 1876 in London, and had issue.[12]
4. Lord Charles William Augustus Montagu (1860–1939), who married the Hon. Mildred Cecilia Harriet Stuart (1869–1942), daughter of Henry Sturt, 1st Baron Alington, at Kimbolton Castle on 4 December 1930. He had no issue.[12]
5. Lady Alice Maude Olivia Montagu (1862–1957), born in London. She married Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, on 5 January 1889 in London, and had issue.[12]

Louisa became estranged from the Duke, and they lived apart for many years. Louisa became the companion of Spencer Cavendish, Marquess of Hartington, and a notable political hostess. The Duke died in Naples on 22 March 1890.[12]

On 16 August 1892, at Christ Church, Mayfair, the sixty-year-old Dowager Duchess of Manchester married Lord Hartington, by then the 8th Duke of Devonshire. She thereby became Duchess of Devonshire, with a nickname of the "Double Duchess".[13]

After the Duke of Devonshire's death on 24 March 1908, she was widowed for the second time, becoming the Dowager Duchess of Devonshire. On 15 July 1911, at the Sandown Races in Esher Park, the Duchess died after a seizure, aged 79, and was interred at Edensor in Derbyshire.[13]

Gallery

• 
  Painting of the then Duchess of Manchester, 1859
• 
  Photograph of the then Duchess of Manchester by Camille Silvy, 1860
• 
  Photograph of the then Duchess of Manchester, Le Jeune, c. 1867
• 
  The Duchess of Devonshire as Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, 1897

References

Notes

1. "The Cavendish Story: The Double Duchess". www.chatsworthblog.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
2. "Louisa Frederica Augusta Cavendish (née von Alten), Duchess of Devonshire (formerly Duchess of Manchester) (1832-1911), Mistress of the Robes to Queen Victoria; former wife of 7th Duke of Manchester, and later first wife of 8th Duke of Devonshire". npg.org.uk. National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
3. "Devonshire, Louisa Cavendish Duchess of 1832-1911". worldcat.org. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
4. Cokayne, George Edward (1926). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. St. Catherine Press, Limited. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
5. Melville Amadeus Henry Douglas Heddle de La Caillemotte de Massue de Ruvigny Ruvigny and Raineval (9th marquis of) (1914). The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe. Harrison & Sons. p. 244. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
6. Ridley 2012, p. 113.
7. Ridley 2012, p. 114.
8. Vane 2004, p. 25.
9. Willett 2004, p. 156.
10. Poole, Henry (September 29, 2015). "The Double Duchess: Louisa van Alten". henrypoole.com. Henry Poole & Co. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
11. Kennedy 1956, p. ??.
12. "Manchester, Duke of (GB, 1719)". cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
13. "Devonshire, Duke of (E, 1694)". cracroftspeerage.co.uk. Heraldic Media Limited. Retrieved 18 September 2019.

Sources

• Kennedy, Aubrey Leo (1956). My Dear Duchess: Social and Political Letters to the Duchess of Manchester 1858-1869. London: John Murray.
• Murphy, Sophie (1984). The Duchess of Devonshire's Ball. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0283989889.
• Ridley, Jane (2012). Bertie - A Life of Edward VII. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 978-0099575443.
• Vane, Henry (2004). Affair of State: A biography of the 8th Duke and Duchess of Devonshire. London: Peter Owen Publishers. ISBN 978-0720612332.
• Willett, C. (2004). The History of Underclothes. New York: Peter Owen Publishers. ISBN 978-0486271248.

External links

• The Cavendish Story: The Double Duchess