Luandi

The Luandi (simplified Chinese: 挛鞮; traditional Chinese: 攣鞮; pinyin: Luándī; Wade–Giles: Luan-ti; alternatively written as Xulianti simplified Chinese: 虚连题; traditional Chinese: 虛連題; pinyin: Xūliántí) was a clan and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Xiongnu that flourished between 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE. The form Luandi (挛鞮) comes from Hanshu,[1] while the form Xulianti comes from Hou Hanshu.[2]

Anna Dybo reconstructed 攣鞮's Old Chinese pronunciation as *r(h)wan-de & posits that the clan's name was an Iranic loanword, cognate with Khotanese runde, plural of rre from *rwant- "king".[3] There were four other noble tribes: Huyan, Xubu, Qiulin and Lan. The Huyan belonged to the dominating left wing, and the Lan and the Xubu belonged to the right wing.[4] A source also considered Lan and Luandi as two variants of the same word due to their phonetic similarity.[5] This was also attributed to the way the name Lan was used to identify Xiongnu's supreme rulers.[5]

The Luandi was a clan that held some of the highest positions in the Xiongnu society, including the title of chanyu within the Xiongnu confederacy. In the confederation, Luandi was a paternal dynastic tribe, Huyan was an initially maternal dynastic tribe, and Xubu was a subsequently maternal dynastic tribe. They were the three most prominent tribes ("Houses" in N. Bichurin)[6] in the Xiongnu.

The earliest prominent figure from the clan itself was perhaps their leader Touman. He would be succeeded by his son Modu Chanyu. Later on, a branch of the Luandi changed their family name to Liu (劉).

See also

Notes
  1. Hanshu, chapter 94a, l. 7a
  2. Hou Hanshu, chapter 89, l. 7b
  3. Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica, 2, p. 9
  4. Taskin B.S., "Materials on Sünnu history", Science, Moscow, 1968, p. 130 (In Russian)
  5. Wang, Penglin (2018). Linguistic Mysteries of Ethnonyms in Inner Asia. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. p. 34. ISBN 9781498535274.
  6. Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Saint Petersburg, 1851, p. 15 ( note 1: Huyan and Xubu always were in marital relationship with Chanyu. Xubu had a post of the State Judge. The custom of taking for the Khan maidens only from the same houses also survived in the Chingis-khan's house.)

References
  • Wang, Zhonghan (2004). "Outlines of Ethnic Groups in China". Taiyuan: Shanxi Education Press. ISBN 7-5440-2660-4. p. 134.
  • Lin, Gan (1986). "A Comprehensive History of Xiongnu". Beijing: People's Press. CN / K289. p. 11-12.
  • Book of Han, vol. 94a.
  • Book of Later Han, vol. 89.
  • Bichurin N.Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851


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