MFNG

Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MFNG gene,[5][6][7] a member of the fringe gene family which also includes the radical fringe (RFNG) and lunatic fringe (LFNG).[8][9]

MFNG
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 2J0A, 2J0B
Identifiers
Aliases	MFNG, MFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
External IDs	OMIM: 602577 MGI: 1095404 HomoloGene: 1803 GeneCards: MFNG
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q13.1 Start 37,469,063 bp[1] End 37,486,393 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15 E1|15 37.69 cM Start 78,755,882 bp[2] End 78,773,475 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • transferase activity • O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity • metal ion binding • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups • acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity Cellular component • integral component of membrane • integral component of Golgi membrane • Golgi membrane • Golgi apparatus • membrane • extracellular Biological process • pattern specification process • multicellular organism development • positive regulation of protein binding • marginal zone B cell differentiation • positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway • regulation of Notch signaling pathway • protein O-linked fucosylation • blastocyst formation Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4242	17305
Ensembl	ENSG00000100060	ENSMUSG00000018169
UniProt	O00587	O09008
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001166343 NM_002405	NM_008595
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001159815 NP_002396	NP_032621
Location (UCSC)	Chr 22: 37.47 – 37.49 Mb	Chr 15: 78.76 – 78.77 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

They all encode evolutionarily conserved proteins that act in the Notch receptor pathway to demarcate boundaries during embryonic development. While their genomic structure is distinct from other glycosyltransferases, fringe proteins have a fucose-specific beta1,3 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity that leads to elongation of O-linked fucose residues on Notch, which alters Notch signaling.[7]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100060 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000018169 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Egan S, Herbrick JA, Tsui LC, Cohen B, Flock G, Beatty B, Scherer SW (Feb 1999). "Mapping of the human Lunatic Fringe (LFNG) gene to 7p22 and Manic Fringe (MFNG) to 22q12". Genomics. 54 (3): 576–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5559. PMID 9878264.
6. Johnston SH, Rauskolb C, Wilson R, Prabhakaran B, Irvine KD, Vogt TF (Jul 1997). "A family of mammalian Fringe genes implicated in boundary determination and the Notch pathway". Development. 124 (11): 2245–54. PMID 9187150.
7. "Entrez Gene: MFNG MFNG O-fucosylpeptide 3-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase".
8. "Troublesome gene names get the boot", 6 November 2006, Michael Hopkin, nature.com
9. "Sonic Hedgehog, DICER, and the Problem With Naming Genes", Sep 26, 2014, Michael White. psmag.com

Further reading

• Cohen B, Bashirullah A, Dagnino L, et al. (1997). "Fringe boundaries coincide with Notch-dependent patterning centres in mammals and alter Notch-dependent development in Drosophila". Nat. Genet. 16 (3): 283–8. doi:10.1038/ng0797-283. PMID 9207795.
• Moran JL, Johnston SH, Rauskolb C, et al. (1999). "Genomic structure, mapping, and expression analysis of the mammalian Lunatic, Manic, and Radical fringe genes". Mamm. Genome. 10 (6): 535–41. doi:10.1007/s003359901039. PMID 10341080.
• Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. (1999). "The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22". Nature. 402 (6761): 489–95. doi:10.1038/990031. PMID 10591208.
• Van Tine BA, Knops J, Shaw GM, May WA (2000). "Assignment of human MFNG, manic fringe Drosophila homolog, to 22q13.1 using tyramide fluorescence in situ hybridization (T-FISH)". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 87 (1–2): 132–3. doi:10.1159/000015379. PMID 10640833.
• Moloney DJ, Panin VM, Johnston SH, et al. (2000). "Fringe is a glycosyltransferase that modifies Notch". Nature. 406 (6794): 369–75. doi:10.1038/35019000. PMID 10935626.
• Shimizu K, Chiba S, Saito T, et al. (2001). "Manic fringe and lunatic fringe modify different sites of the Notch2 extracellular region, resulting in different signaling modulation". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25753–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103473200. PMID 11346656.
• Thélu J, Rossio P, Favier B (2003). "Notch signalling is linked to epidermal cell differentiation level in basal cell carcinoma, psoriasis and wound healing". BMC Dermatol. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1471-5945-2-7. PMC 111189. PMID 11978185.
• Panin VM, Shao L, Lei L, et al. (2002). "Notch ligands are substrates for protein O-fucosyltransferase-1 and Fringe". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (33): 29945–52. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204445200. PMID 12036964.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Shao L, Moloney DJ, Haltiwanger R (2003). "Fringe modifies O-fucose on mouse Notch1 at epidermal growth factor-like repeats within the ligand-binding site and the Abruptex region". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (10): 7775–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212221200. PMID 12486116.
• Veeraraghavalu K, Pett M, Kumar RV, et al. (2004). "Papillomavirus-Mediated Neoplastic Progression Is Associated with Reciprocal Changes in Jagged1 and Manic Fringe Expression Linked to Notch Activation". J. Virol. 78 (16): 8687–700. doi:10.1128/JVI.78.16.8687-8700.2004. PMC 479091. PMID 15280477.
• Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, et al. (2005). "A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome". Genome Biol. 5 (10): R84. doi:10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84. PMC 545604. PMID 15461802.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.