Mangkunegara VI

Mangkunegaran (March 1, 1857 – 1916) was the prince of Mangkunegara from 1896 to 1916.

A wife of Mangkunegara VI, from COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Mangkoe Negoro VI (1896-1916)

History

Early life

His original name was R.M. Suyitno. He was the fourth son of Mangkunegara. As an adult he took the name K.P.A. Dayaningrat. He is the younger brother of the fifth Mangkunegara. He was born to Raden Ayu Dunuk. He is the grandson of the third Mangkunegara on his mother's side. When Mangkunegara V died after falling from a horse. His throne was unlawfully taken by his brother.

Reign

Mangkunegara VI was enthroned on 21 November 1896. He prioritized economic development. A crash came because the price of sugar fell, due to emerging competition from Brazil. Mangkunegara VI adjusted and repaid much of the debt incurred under his predecessor. Mangkunegara VI enacted a number of cultural policies. Namely, he obliged men to cut their long hair and made saluting unnecessary. He also brought tables and chairs into meetings that had previously been conducted sitting on the floor and allowed the people to embrace Christianity. He became an independent power parallel to Kasunanan Surakarta. Mangkunegara became a new competitor in the fight over Kasunanan Javanese culture.

Economics

Traditional sectors of rural economy modernized, affecting coffee, indigo, sugar cane and sugar production. in the Praja.[1]

At one point Spoorweg Nederlandsch Indische Maatschappij (Dutch private railroad) was foreclosed for failure to pay taxes.

Policy

Praja policy was applied to allow the monarchy to act as both ruler and merchant.[2] The policy was later adopted by Kasunanan Surakarta and Yogyakarta Sultanate. Traditional land holdings were overturned and turned over to plantations.

The Legion was reorganized. Commander Major Mangkunegaran was enthroned with the rank of Colonel. Mangkunegara VI removed the position of Vice Commander for budget reasons.

Regional security

The bandit gangs that operated around Mangkunegaran increased their activities. Budget limitations kept the King from actively dealing with them. The Praja Police were responsible for security. The gangs looted and committed murder and rape.

Along the border with Kasunanan, Mangkunegara VI had conflicts with Resident of Surakarta.

Java's expansion began in 1830 with the proliferation of plantations. The gangs were disappointed in the kingdom.[3] Robber refers those who forcibly plundered victims, while plaster refers to robbers who were relatively inactive.[4]

In 1872 the region recorded 24 events conducted by robbers and plasters.[5] On 15 November 1883 robbers killed a woman in the village of Kretek Jacks, Sragen.[6]

Wayang Wong

Wayang wong is a performing art tradition first developed by Mangkunegara who reigned 1757–1795. Wayang wong became a valuable learning model, conveying social knowledge as well as entertainment.

Wayang wong became a tradition of reduced activity. Wayang wong was developed by Gan Kam and supported by the regime. Gan Kam was of Chinese descent and had a close relationship with the royal family at the time of Mangkunegara V. Gan Kam Duke successfully lobbied to be allowed to perform wayang wong outside the palace.

Rescue action in puppet arts was pioneered by Prince Sambernyawa.

Wayang wong developed outside the palace. The royal family encouraged its development until Mangkunegara Kasunanan and Sultanate. In Kasunanan, Sunan Pakubuwana X (1893–1939) allowed performances in Balekambang, Garden Night Market Sri Wedari and Alun Alun in Surakarta. In the Sultanate of Yogyakarta, Sultan Hamengkubuwana VII (1877–1921) supported the art form.

Resignation

Governance is a show with many changes and ends with the anti-Dutch tensions and tragedy. Mangkunegara VI have children; K.P.A. Suyono Handayaningrat and B.R.Ay. Suwasti Hatmosurono. When Mangkunegara VI wished to make his son as a possible successor, he was on the veto by a group of relatives of the Prince and the Netherlands. Finally Mangkunegara VI resigned and settled in Surabaya.

Mangkunegara VI is the only king in Mangkunegaran who resign of his own free will (Media Communication Family Ex-HIK Yogyakarta, 1987). In testimony Partini Mangkunegara VI said that on January 11, 1916 quietly resign and go with the whole family to Surabaya (Singgih, Pamoentjak, Roswitha, 1986)

In Surabaya son and daughter Mangkunegara VI of KPA Suyono Handayaningrat and RMP Hatmosurono active in the movement of Budi Utomo and together with Dr. Sutomo founded the political party named Parindra.

When Mangkunegara VI died buried in Astana Utoro Nayu Surakarta. In Mangkunegaran that reigned next is his nephew namely RMA Suryasuparta as Mangkunegara VII. Mangkunegara VI chose Surabaya as a place in the old days to prepare his son and daughter continue the concept of state that can not be implemented through a Duchy.

Work achievement

Mangkunegara VI's accomplishments included:

  • Mangkunegara VI Praja reform that reduced the debt to Netherlands.[7] Increased economic stability that improved living standards.
  • Legion Mangkunegaran rebuilt strength.
  • Pluralism that allowed relatives who later embraced Christianity to prosper under Mangkunegara VI.
  • Reintroduce Java management principles in dealing with his father and Praja slump.
  • Enforcement of financial Mangkunegara Mangkunegaran dynasty[8]
  • Create art with a puppet through without distortion story content.[9]
  • Oppose worship at the shrine that became venues for prostitution, which flourished at that time.[10]

Heritage Mangkunegara VI

In his reign, give relic Mangkunegara VI which until now frequently visited by the tourist is Sapta Tirta. Sumber water bath in this bath pablengan has seven kinds of natural resources which were located very close together, namely: Warm Water, Cold Water, Living Water, Water Off, Soda water, water Bleng, and water Mind your Mind.

Notes
  1. Lombard, 1996
  2. Tempo, May 16, 1987
  3. Suara Merdeka, 2009
  4. Suhartono, 1995
  5. Wasino, 2008
  6. Suara Merdeka, 2009
  7. Suryo Danisworo, Hendri Cape, 2004
  8. Tempo, May 16, 1987
  9. Mutual Reader 1978: 7
  10. Sartono and Alex Sudewa, 1989

References
  • Gema Edisi Yubileum HIK Yogyakarta 60 tahun, Juli 1987, dalam:Media Komunikasi Keluarga Ex-HIK Yogyakarta, 1987.
  • Damar Pustaka, Sufism in Javanese spiritual life; Literary Study based on Serat Wedhatama written by K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunegara IV.
  • Haryanto, S.,Pratiwimba adhiluhung;Sejarah dan Perkembangan Wayang,Jakarta :Djambatan, 1988
  • Soetomo(Raden),Paul W.Van der Veur,Kenang-kenangan Dokter Soetomo,Jakarta:Sinar Harapan, 1984.
  • Samad, Bahrin, Suka duka pelajar Indonesia di Jepang sekitar Perang Pasifik, 1942–1945,Collection of accounts of Indonesian alumni from Japanese universities, 1942–1945.
  • Ktut Sudiri Panyarikan,Dr. Saharjo, S.H., Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional, 1983.
  • The Journal of Asian studies, Volume 47, Association for Asian Studies, 1988.
  • Sutan takdir Alisyahbana, Achdiad Kartamiharja,Polemik kebudayaan: pergulatan pemikiran terbesar dalam sejarah kebangsaan, JAKARTA: PT Balai Pustaka, 2008.
  • Wasino, Kapitalisme bumi putra: perubahan masyarakat Mangkunegaran, Yogyakarta:LKIS, 2008.
  • Suara Merdeka, Semarang, 4 November 2009.
  • Pranoto, W. Suhartono, Bandit-Bandit Pedesaan di Jawa, study historis 1850–1942, Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2010.
  • Suryo Danisworo,Hendri Tanjung, Membuat Tempat Kerja Feel at Home: 7 Prinsip Suryo Management, Jakarta : GRASINDO, 2004.
  • Denys Lombard, Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya, Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1996.
  • Penguasa Sebagai Pengusaha, TEMPO, 16 Mei 1987.
  • Dwipayana, Ari, AAG.,Bangsawan dan Kuasa;Kembalinya Para Ningrat di Dua Kota,Yogyakarta: IRE PRESS, 2004.
  • Singgih,Pamoentjak,Roswitha,Partini: Tulisan Kehidupan Seorang Putri Mangkunegaran, berdasarkan cerita Partini,Jakarta:Djambatan, 1986.
  • Sumarni,Sri,Nanik,Mangkunagaran WirengDance 1757—1987:A Historical Study www.j-armonia.com
  • Heritage of Java; http://heritageofjava.com
  • Suara Merdeka - Semarang: Rabu, 18 September 2002
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