Mary Baker McQuesten

Mary Baker McQuesten (October 10, 1849 – December 7, 1934) was a Victorian era Canadian letter writer and activist. She was the mother of politician Thomas McQuesten.

Mary Baker McQuesten
Born
Mary Jane Baker

(1849-10-10)October 10, 1849
Brantford, Ontario
DiedDecember 7, 1934(1934-12-07) (aged 85)
Hamilton, Ontario
NationalityCanadian
Other namesM. B. McQuesten
Spouse(s)Isaac Baldwin McQuesten
Children7 including Thomas Baker McQuesten

Biography

McQuesten was born Mary Jane Baker on October 10, 1849 in Brantford in what was then Upper Canada to parents Reverend Thomas Baker and Mary Jane McIlwaine.[1][2] She attended Newmarket County Grammar School and later Mrs. Burns' Ladies Collegiate Institute in Toronto. McQuesten never received a formal university education.[3]

Mary met Isaac Baldwin McQuesten in 1869. The two married on June 18, 1873, though Mary broke off the engagement at least once.[4] Their eldest child, Mary Baldwin McQuesten, was born in 1874. The couple had six more children between 1876 and 1885: Calvin, Hilda-Belle, Ruby Baker, Muriel Fletcher, Thomas Baker, and Margaret Edna. Muriel Fletcher only lived to 21 months, dying in 1882.[5]

Following the death of his father in 1885, Isaac McQuesten inherited Willowbank House and the McQuesten family moved in. Mary McQuesten changed the name of the house to Whitehern.[6]

In 1882, McQuesten was elected to the board of the Women's Foreign Missionary Society. She was elected president of the society in 1893. In 1898, McQuesten helped to form the Woman's Home Missionary Society which helped to minister to people, especially those involved in the gold rush, in the Canadian north and northwest.[5] Despite McQuesten's opposition, the Women's Foreign Missionary Society and the Woman's Home Missionary Society merged in 1914 to become the Women's Missionary Society.[7]

Isaac McQuesten died in 1888 leaving Mary McQuesten a single mother of six children between the ages of 2 and 14.[1] Isaac was an alcoholic and his death was rumoured to have been a suicide. His death left the McQuesten family in severe debt.[8]

In 1889, McQuesten proposed the founding of a chapter of the YWCA in Hamilton. The Hamilton YWCA Building opened on May 1, 1889.[9] McQuesten was a member of several other religious women's institutions including the National Council of Women and the Victorian Order of Nurses. Despite these feminist leanings, McQuesten was never publicly associated with the women's suffrage movement.[7]

McQuesten was a devout Presbyterian her entire life. In 1923, she spoke out against church union. Her Presbyterian church, Hamilton Presbytery, similarly resisted joining the United Church.[1][10]

On December 7, 1934, McQuesten died of a cerebral hemorrhage.[1]

Legacy

McQuesten's letters have been influential in Canadian humanities and social studies.[11] The letters demonstrate the ways in which letter writing could keep distant family members aware of each other's lives in the Victorian era.[12] The letters also provide insight into the life of a single Victorian mother and into post-colonial Victorian attitudes. McQuesten's collected writings, including missionary texts and letters, have been compiled with a biography by Mary J. Anderson called The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch.

McQuesten's former home is now preserved as a museum, the Whitehern Historic House and Garden, in Hamilton.[13]

References
  1. Anderson, Mary J. (2016). "BAKER, MARY JANE (McQuesten)". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  2. Anderson, Mar J. (2004). The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 3. ISBN 9780889205413 – via Google Books.
  3. Anderson, Mar J. (2004). The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 5–6. ISBN 9780889205413 – via Google Books.
  4. Anderson, Mar J. (2004). The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 7. ISBN 9780889205413 – via Google Books.
  5. "Timelines - 1861-1900". Whitehern Museum Archives. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  6. Anderson, Mar J. (2004). "Mary Baker's Marriage to Isaac B. McQuesten". The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 8. ISBN 9780889205413 – via Google Books.
  7. Anderson, Mar J. (2004). "Mary Baker McQuesten's Work with the Presbyterian Missionary Societies". The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 9780889205413 – via Google Books.
  8. Errington, E. J. (2005). "Seven Eggs Today: The Diaries of Mary Armstrong, 1859 and 1869, and: The Life Writings of Mary Baker McQuesten: Victorian Matriarch (review)". Canadian Historical Review. 86 (2): 370–373. doi:10.1353/can.2005.0105. ISSN 0008-3755. S2CID 162253163.
  9. "2014-2015-YWCA-Annual-Report" (PDF). YWCA Hamilton. pp. 4–5. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  10. "Timelines - 1915-1991". Whitehern Museum Archives. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  11. "Mary Baker McQuesten". Whitehern Museum Archives. 2002. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  12. Stott, Greg (2006). "The Persistence of Family: A Study of a Nineteenth-Century Canadian Family and Their Correspondence". Journal of Family History. 31 (2): 202. doi:10.1177/0363199005284873. PMID 17152232. S2CID 24703218.
  13. "McQuesten House / Whitehern National Historic Site of Canada". www.historicplaces.ca. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
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