Memorial Guild Cup (Adam van Vianen)

The Memorial Guild Cup by Adam van Vianen is a 1614 silver-gilt covered ewer in the Rijksmuseum, commissioned by the Amsterdam goldsmiths' guild to commemorate the death of Adam's brother Paulus van Vianen.[1] It is an iconic symbol of the auricular style developed by the two brothers.

Memorial Guild Cup
Covered guild beaker
ArtistAdam van Vianen 
Year1614
Dimensions25 cm (9.8 in) × 14 cm (5.5 in) × 9 cm (3.5 in)
LocationRijksmuseum
IdentifiersRKDimages ID: 246503

It has been described as "a strikingly original work that is largely abstract and completely sculptural in its conception", and quickly became famous, appearing in several Dutch Golden Age paintings, both still lifes and history paintings, "no doubt in part because its bizarre form allowed it to pass as an object from an ancient and foreign land", and so useful for Old Testament scenes and the like.[2] It is unknown why the Amsterdam guild commissioned the ewer, as neither brother lived in Amsterdam or was a member of the guild.[3] A number of leading examples are shown below.

According to James Trilling, it "is one of the very few ornamental works that deserve recognition as art-historical turning points. Van Vianen's breakthrough was the introduction of inchoate or indeterminate form, which paved the way for both Rococo and modernist ornament."[4] It was raised by a lengthy process of chasing from a single sheet of silver, and chasing was the main technique used in auricular silver.[5]

Parts of the decoration form definite forms, the ewer rests on a crouching monkey, and the handle begins as the hair of a woman bent forward. But the woman's legs slide away under the swirling forms of the top of the cover, and the handle terminates as a protuberance from the nose of a monster.[6]

In the same year van Vianen made a ewer and basin for the City Corporation of Amsterdam in a far more conventional style, though with elements of auricular decoration. These are also in the Rijksmuseum.[7]

History

It seems to have been made in silver and gilded at some later point.[8] It quickly became very famous. It was kept on display in the guild for centuries and featured in many important paintings of the 17th-century. In 1675 Joachim von Sandrart wrote the following about it in his Teutsche Academie: "Pouring ewer with the lid about 1 1/2 hands high, of one piece of silver, the whole in so-called Grotesque or "Schnackerey" style, is considered a rare-wonder piece".[9]

During the French occupation after 1794 the guilds were disbanded and the collection was dispersed. In 1821 the cup was sold for 166 guilders and it came into the hands of a collection in Scotland.[1] It came up for auction in 1976 and the Rijksmuseum purchased it for 700,000 guilders with support from the Vereniging Rembrandt.[1] At the time, it was the highest price ever paid for a piece of silver in the Netherlands.[1] The reason had to do with the number of times the ewer was featured in prominent paintings of the 17th century. A selection of these are:

Notes
  1. Covered beaker made for the Amsterdam silversmith's guild, article by Vereniging Rembrandt
  2. Liedtke (2007), 186-188, giving examples including Joseph and his brothers (this is the Warsaw version) by Gerbrand van den Eeckhout.
  3. Schroder in Oxford Art Online, "Adam van Vianen"
  4. Trilling, James, The Language of Ornament, p. 66, 2001, Thames and Hudson, ISBN 0500203431
  5. Schroder in Oxford Art Online, "Adam van Vianen"
  6. Glory, 19
  7. Glory, 18
  8. Glory, 19
  9. "Gießkandel mit dem Deckel ohngefehr 1½. Spannen hoch aus einem Stück Silber getrieben färtigen lassen worauf alles in Groteschen oder Schnackerey wie sie solches nennen gebildet; wird für ein wunder-seltsames Stuck gehalten". in Paulus van Vianen biography on Sandrart.net

References
  • "Glory", Kiers, Judikje and Tissink, Fieke, The Glory of the Dutch Golden Age, 2000, Wanders/Rijksmuseum (exhibition catalogue), ISBN 9040094349
  • Liedtke (2007): Liedtke, Walter A. (ed.), Dutch Paintings in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2 vols., 2007, ISBN 1588392732, 9781588392732, google books
  • Schroder, Timothy, "Adam van Vianen", Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed December 15, 2012, Oxford Art Online (subscription required)
  • 2018 exhibition called Kwab in the Rijksmuseum, featuring this beaker and showing a video of the inside
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