MicroDNA

MicroDNA is the most abundant subtype of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) in humans.[1][2][3] They are 200-400 base pairs in length and are enriched in genic sequences and CpG-islands.

Transmission electron microscope image of isolated microDNA from DT40 cells

Biogenesis

The formation of microDNA has been tied to the DNA mismatch repair pathway.[2]

Cancer

MicroDNA formation have been tied to chemotherapeutic treatment.[4] Further, microDNA have been detected in the bloodstream of cancer patients and may become a biomarker for the detection of cancer.[5]

See also

References
  1. Shibata Y, Kumar P, Layer R, Willcox S, Gagan JR, Griffith JD, Dutta A (April 2012). "Extrachromosomal microDNAs and chromosomal microdeletions in normal tissues". Science. 336 (6077): 82–6. doi:10.1126/science.1213307. PMC 3703515. PMID 22403181.
  2. Dillon LW, et al. (June 2015). "Production of Extrachromosomal MicroDNAs Is Linked to Mismatch Repair Pathways and Transcriptional Activity". Cell Reports. 11 (11): 1749–1759. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.020. PMC 4481157. PMID 26051933.
  3. Paulsen T, Kumar P, Koseoglu MM, Dutta A (April 2018). "Discoveries of Extrachromosomal Circles of DNA in Normal and Tumor Cells". Trends in Genetics. 34 (4): 270–278. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2017.12.010. PMC 5881399. PMID 29329720.
  4. Mehanna P, Gagné V, Lajoie M, Spinella JF, St-Onge P, Sinnett D, Brukner I, Krajinovic M (2017). "Characterization of the microDNA through the response to chemotherapeutics in lymphoblastoid cell lines". PLOS One. 12 (9): e0184365. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184365. PMC 5587290. PMID 28877255.
  5. Kumar P, Dillon LW, Shibata Y, Jazaeri AA, Jones DR, Dutta A (September 2017). "Normal and Cancerous Tissues Release Extrachromosomal Circular DNA (eccDNA) into the Circulation". Molecular Cancer Research. 15 (9): 1197–1205. doi:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-17-0095. PMC 5581709. PMID 28550083.


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