Milly Koss

Adele Mildred Koss, known as Milly Koss, (born 11 July 1928, died 11 September 2012)[1] was an American computing pioneer. The Association for Women in Computing awarded her an Ada Lovelace Award in 2000.[2][3]

She attended Philadelphia High School for Girls and graduated in Mathematics from University of Pennsylvania in 1950.[4] During her first job interview with an insurance company, Koss, who was engaged at the time, was rejected for the reason that married women will have children and leave.[5]

She worked at Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation (EMCC) under Grace Hopper, programming the UNIVAC I. Her first big project was the development of what has become known as the 'Editing Generator', a sophisticated program to automatically format data for printing.[5] Being able to create margins, headings and page numbers on the fly, Koss was the first programmer to attempt computer based word processing.[6] During her time at EMCC she also wrote some of the first sorting programs and with Hopper wrote the first compiler. After working for several other companies (including Burroughs, Remington Rand, Philco and CDC) Koss moved to Harvard University where she stayed for 27 years until she retired in 1994, having been Associate Director of the Office for Information Technology and the University's Information Security Officer.[3] Her colleague Jean Bartik recalled that Koss had become pregnant and was expected to leave her post, but she approached Hopper with the idea of what is now known as telecommuting, and Hopper encouraged her to stay on and to work from home as necessary. She negotiated similar arrangements in several subsequent posts.[7]

In 1997 she was given a Pioneer Award, one of seven women to be so honoured, at the Grace Hopper Celebration for Women in Computing.[3]

Koss died on 11 September 2012, survived by three children and three grandchildren. Her husband Norman A. Koss had pre-deceased her: they had been married 60 years.[1]

References
  1. "Adele "Milly" Goss Koss: Obituary". Service Corporation International. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  2. "Ada Lovelace Awards". Association for Women in Computing. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  3. "Adele Koss". Spoke. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  4. Blessing, Kimberley. "Celebrating Ada Lovelace Day 2010". Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  5. Koss, A.M. (2003). "Programming on the Univac. 1. A woman's account". IEEE Annals of the History of Computing. 25 (1): 48–59. doi:10.1109/MAHC.2003.1179879. ISSN 1058-6180.
  6. W., Beyer, Kurt. Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age. Cork. ISBN 9781483550497. OCLC 974891110.
  7. Bartik, Jean Jennings (2013). Jean Jennings Bartik and the Computer that Changed the World. Truman State University Press. p. 127. ISBN 9781612480862. Retrieved 15 October 2018.


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