Mitre Corporation

The Mitre Corporation (stylized as The MITRE Corporation[3] and MITRE) is an American not-for-profit organization based in Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia. It manages federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs) supporting several U.S. government agencies.

"MITRE" redirects here. For other uses, see Mitre (disambiguation).
The MITRE Corporation
TypeNot-for-profit corporation
Founded1958 (1958)
HeadquartersBedford, Massachusetts and McLean, Virginia, United States
Key people
Jason Providakes
President and CEO
RevenueUS$ 1.805 billion[1]
Number of employees
8,425[2]
Websitewww.mitre.org

Organization

Mitre is organized as follows:[4]

Center Sponsored by Scope Established Refs
National Security Engineering Center Department of Defense National security issues [5]
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development Federal Aviation Administration Air traffic management October 1, 1990 [6][7]
Center for Enterprise Modernization Internal Revenue Service and Department of Veterans Affairs. Enterprise modernization July 1998 [8][9]
Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute Department of Homeland Security To safeguard people in the United States against terrorist threats, aid the flow of legal commerce and immigration, and recover swiftly from natural disasters and other national emergencies March 6, 2009 [10][11]
Judiciary Engineering and Modernization Center Administrative Office of the United States Courts The Judiciary Engineering and Modernization Center provides objective assessments of the technical challenges facing the judiciary, including available and emerging technologies. December 2, 2010 [12][13]
CMS Alliance to Modernize Healthcare Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services The CMS Alliance to Modernize Healthcare (Health FFRDC) accelerates innovation by connecting people and data to reinvent health systems, enhance the care experience, and protect and promote health and well-being. October 2012 [14][15]
National Cybersecurity FFRDC National Institute of Standards and Technology The National Cybersecurity FFRDC helps organizations address their most pressing cybersecurity needs September 24, 2014 [16]

Additionally, internal research and development explores new technologies and ways to apply existing tools and technologies.[17]

Among other efforts, Mitre maintains the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system and the Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) project.[18] Since 1999, the MITRE Corporation functions as editor and primary CNA of the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures. CVE is now the industry standard for vulnerability and exposure names, providing reference points for data exchange so that information security products and services can interoperate with each other.

History
The Mitre Center at Mitre's campus in Bedford
Mitre building in McLean, Virginia

Under the leadership of Clair W. "Hap" Halligan, Mitre was formed in 1958 to provide overall direction to the companies and workers involved in the U.S. Air Force SAGE project. Although one may think the name is an acronym for "MIT Research Establishment", the company attributes the name to James McCormack, a member of Mitre's first Board of Trustees: "McCormack helped draft the charter and incorporate The MITRE Corporation in July 1958. He wanted a name that was meaningless and without connotations, but with an attractive feel. Some people thought the word MITRE was based on the word for joining or fitting together. Others believed the name came from combining industry names or keywords. McCormack, however, denied all of these explanations."[3]

Most of the early employees were transferred to Mitre from the Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where SAGE was being developed. In April 1959, a site was purchased in Bedford, Massachusetts, near Hanscom Air Force Base, to develop a new Mitre laboratory, which Mitre occupied in September 1959.[19]

After the SAGE project ended in the early 1960s, the FAA selected Mitre to develop a similar system to provide automated air traffic control. The project resulted in the formation of the National Airspace System (NAS), that is still in use today. To support the NAS project and continual operations with the U.S. Department of Defense at the Pentagon, Mitre opened a second "main office" in McLean, Virginia.

Through the 1960s, Mitre developed and supported military Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C3I) projects, including the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). Mitre also worked on a number of projects with ARPA, including precursors to the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET). Since the 1960s, Mitre has developed or supported most DoD early warning and communications projects, including the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) and the Joint Surveillance and Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS).

In 1982, Mitre authored a proposal for the State Department called "Cannabis Eradication in Foreign Western Nations." In this proposal, a plan was outlined to eradicate cannabis in participating nations within 121 days, for $19 million. The report discussed the use and safety considerations of paraquat. The plan would have been to aerially dispense paraquat over marijuana crops. One safety concern was the food crops grown alongside the marijuana crops being contaminated. A study conducted on rats by Imperial Chemical Industries was cited in the report, and claimed low health risks for paraquat. The U.S. Public Health Service commented on this study saying that due to the present squamous metaplasia in the respiratory tracts of the rats that "This study should not be used to calculate the safe inhalation dose of paraquat in humans."[20]

During the 1980s, the German hacker Markus Hess used an unsecured Mitre Tymnet connection as an entry point for intrusions into U.S. Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and NASA computer networks.[21]

On July 10, 1985, mitre.org was the first .org domain name registered, and it remains in use by the company today.[22]

On January 29, 1996, Mitre divided into two entities: The MITRE Corporation, to focus on its FFRDCs for DoD and FAA; and a new company, originally named Mitretek Systems and now called Noblis, to assume non-FFRDC work for other U.S. Government agencies.[23]

In 2005, a team from Mitre competed in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, and qualified in 23rd place for the final race.[24]

Corporate governance

Chief executive officers
  • 1958–1966: Clair W. "Hap" Halligan[9]
  • 1966–1969: Dr. John L. McLucas
  • 1969–1986: Robert R. Everett
  • 1986–1990: Charles A. Zraket[25]
  • 1990–1996: Barry M. Horowitz
  • 1996–2000: Victor A. DeMarines
  • 2000–2006: Martin C. Faga
  • 2006–2017: Alfred Grasso
  • 2017–Present: Dr. Jason Providakes

Board of Trustees

Awards, honors, and accomplishments

Over the years, Mitre has received awards for corporate achievements as well as for achievements of its scientists, researchers, and engineers.[27] A sampling includes:

  • In 2015, Forbes Magazine named Mitre one of America's Best Employers.[28]
  • In 2013, Mitre was named a 2013 CSO40 Award winner by the International Data Group's CSO Magazine. The CSO40 Awards recognize 40 organizations for security projects and initiatives that demonstrate outstanding business value and thought leadership.[29]
  • In 2011 and 2012, InformationWeek named Mitre to its InformationWeek 500, an annual ranking of the nation's most innovative users of business technology.[30]
  • In 2011, for the second time, Mitre's knowledge management successes have earned the corporation a North American Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) award, which recognizes organizations for exceptional knowledge management and knowledge sharing practices.[31]
  • In June 2008, Mitre was presented with the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service for "significant contributions in communications, command and control decision-making, intelligence, cyberspace, and warfighter field support, as well as research and development."[32]
  • In July 2008, Mitre was awarded the Air Force Association's Theodore Von Karman award for "the most outstanding contribution in the field of engineering and science."[33]
  • In July 2008, Mitre's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), as part of an ADS-B team of 26 public and private sector groups, was selected for the 2007 Collier Trophy for its efforts in conceptualizing, developing, and implementing a fundamental, so-called "cornerstone capability" for the future of the national airspace system.[34]
  • Mitre has been included on annual lists of several magazines:
    • Glassdoor.com has named Mitre one of the “50 Best Places to Work” for five consecutive years;[35]
    • The Boston Globe has named Mitre to its “Top Places to Work” list for four years;[36]
    • Fortune included Mitre in its "100 Best Companies to Work For" for ten consecutive years[37]
    • Computerworld included Mitre in its "100 Best Places to Work in IT" list, for eight consecutive years.[38]

Mitre employees have created more than 30 technologies available for licensing, generated more than 60 packages of downloadable software, and been granted more than 110 US patents.[39]

References
  1. "2017 IRS Form 990". The Mitre Corporation. 2017. Retrieved 2016-11-18.
  2. "MITRE Corporate Social Responsibility Report 2017" (PDF). The Mitre Corporation. 2017. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
  3. "MITRE Media Resources". MITRE. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  4. "MITRE: We Operate FFRDCs". The MITRE Corporation. 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  5. "National Security Engineering Center". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  6. "Center for Advanced Aviation System Development". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  7. Taft, Darryl K (1990-10-01). "Officials choose FFRDC model for NAS work. (Federal Aviation Administration officials use Federally Funded Research and Development Center to develop National Airspace System plan)". Government Computer News. Archived from the original on 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  8. "Center for Enterprise Modernization". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  9. Shearman, Jennifer (2008). The MITRE Corporation: Fifty Years of Service in the Public Interest. The MITRE Corporation.
  10. "Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  11. "DHS Establishes Two New Federally Funded Research & Development Centers". Department of Homeland Security. 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  12. "Judiciary Engineering and Modernization Center". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  13. "2010 MITRE Annual Report" (PDF). The MITRE Corporation. 2011. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  14. "CMS Alliance to Modernize Healthcare". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  15. "MITRE Wins Potential $1B Contract to Manage its 6th FFRDC; Alfred Grasso Comments". GovConWire. 2012-10-03. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
  16. "NIST Awards Contract to MITRE to Support Cybersecurity Center of Excellence". NIST. 2014-09-24. Retrieved 2014-10-02.
  17. "Research Overview". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  18. "National Cybersecurity FFRDC" (PDF). MITRE Corporation. 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2017-02-17.
  19. Redmond, Kent C.; Smith, Thomas M. (2000). From Whirlwind to MITRE: The R&D Story of The SAGE Air Defense Computer. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. ISBN 0-262-18201-7.
  20. "Paraquat". High Times. 1 (91). 1983.
  21. Stoll, Clifford (1989-09-26). The Cuckoo's Egg: Tracking a Spy Through the Maze of Computer Espionage. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24946-1.
  22. Roy, Gautam (2009). Icse Computer Applications For Class Ix. Allied Publishers Private Limited. ISBN 978-81-7764-996-3. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
  23. Day, Kathleen (1996-02-23). "The Think Tank That Went Out for a Spin; MITRE Splits in Two to Answer Concerns That It Has an Unfair Edge in Government Work". The Washington Post.
  24. "The MITRE Meteorites: 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge Entry" (PDF). DARPA. Retrieved 2013-01-29.
  25. "Oral history interview with Charles A. Zraket". Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
  26. "MITRE Board of Trustees". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
  27. "MITRE Awards and Recognition". MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  28. "America's Best Employers". Forbes. 2015-03-15. Retrieved 2015-04-20.
  29. "CSO Magazine Recognizes Security Business Value with Inaugural CSO40 Awards". IDGEnterprise. 2013-01-15. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
  30. "2012 InformationWeek 500". InformationWeek. Archived from the original on 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
  31. "2011 North American Most Admired Knowledge Enterprises (MAKE) Report". The Know Network. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
  32. "MITRE Presented with Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service". bnet. Business Wire. 2008-07-12. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
  33. "MITRE wins Air Force Association's Theodore von Karman Award". The Integrator. US Air Force. 2008-07-31. Archived from the original on 2009-06-14. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
  34. "ADS-B Program Wins 2007 Collier Trophy | Aero-News Network". www.aero-news.net. Retrieved 2020-03-26.
  35. "Best Places to Work". Glassdoor. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
  36. "Top Places to Work - 2012 - MITRE Corporation". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
  37. "Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work for". Fortune Magazine. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  38. "100 Best Places to Work in IT 2010". Computerworld. Archived from the original on 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2011-01-20.
  39. "MITRE Technology Transfer". The MITRE Corporation. Retrieved 2013-11-23.
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