Muhammad Hasan (Shaki khan)

Muhammad Hasan Khan (Azerbaijani: محمد حسن خان / Məhəmməd Həsən xan; 1760 – 1831) was the fifth khan of Shaki.

Muhammad Hasan Khan
Khan of Shaki
Reign1783 – 1795
PredecessorHaji Khan
SuccessorSalim Khan
Khan of Shaki
Reign1797 – 1805
PredecessorSalim Khan
SuccessorFatali Khan
Bornc. 1760
DiedSeptember 5, 1831(1831-09-05) (aged 70–71)
Astrakhan, Astrakhan Governorate,  Russian Empire
Burial
Shaki Khans' Mosque
HouseHouse of Black Monk
FatherMuhammad Husayn Khan Mushtaq
Seal

Early years

He was born around 1760 to Muhammad Husayn khan Mushtaq and Qizkhanum (a daughter of Arash noble Muhammad Salih beg).[1] He was sent to Haji Khan by his father to negotiate peace who in turn imprisoned and sent him to be executed by Ibrahim Khalil khan. However, he was spared and kept hidden for 3 years when he was sent to claim his throne in 1783, killing his uncle and cousins after a successful conquest.[2]

First reign

One of his first acts was to blind his half-brother Fatali and put in house arrest who was more favored by Arash Mahal nobility.[3] Which caused Salim Khan, another half-brother to flee to Djaro-Belokani in 1784/1785.[3] Salim Khan occupied Shaki when Muhammad Hasan travelled to visit new Qajar shah Agha Muhammad in Karabakh on November/December of 1795.[1] While Salim Khan lost the battle near Goynuk, a sudden arrest of Muhammad Hasan by Mostafa khan Davalu (a general under Agha Muhammad)[4] on the charge of treason, led him to re-occupy Shaki using the opportunity. Muhammad Hasan khan was blinded by Qajars and sent to Tabriz as hostage, meanwhile his 7 underage sons were executed by Salim Khan.

Second reign

He was restored to power during Agha Muhammad's reconquest of Transcaucasus in 1797. He deposed Salim Khan on 9 May 1797 with help from Qajars[1] while other sources state he was supported by Mustafa khan of Shirvan.[3] His 8 year long second reign came to an end when his relationship with Shirvan strained again. His domains were invaded by Salim Khan who was now supported by Mustafa khan, however instead of battling, he surrendered himself to Mustafa khan, who spared him and sent viceroys to govern Shaki as a part of Shirvan. While Salim Khan informed his brother Fatali of this betrayal, locals enthroned Fatali Khan instead of Muhammad Hasan in defiance of Shirvan.[5][6]

Later years

He was spared by Mustafa khan spent rest of his life in exile, wandering Quba Khanate, Ottoman Empire, Qajar Iran and Dagestan to gather support. He marched on Gazikumukh Khanate armies on Shaki sometime later in vain, ultimately settled in Tbilisi with his son and was granted with 150 rubles monthly pension. However he was exiled again to Kharkov and Astrakhan by Russian authorities in suspicion related to Shaki revolt of 1814. He died in 1831 and was buried in Shaki Khan's Mosque.

Family

He had at least 8 wives and some issues with them:

  1. Kheyrannisa khanum (a cousin)
    1. Tuti Agha - married to Ismail Khan Domboli (son of Jafar Qoli Khan Domboli)
  2. Huri khanum (sister of Fatali Khan)
    1. Abdulla Agha
    2. Madina Khanum
  3. Javahir khanum (Lezgi)
    1. Abdul Rahman Agha
  4. Ziba khanum (Udi or Armenian to converted Islam)
    1. Hashim Agha
    2. Fahra Khanum
    3. Amina Khanum
  5. Gulandam khanum (Mountain Jew converted to Islam)
  6. Maryam khanum (Georgian converted to Islam)
  7. Shukufa khanum (Georgian)
    1. Telli Khanum
  8. Badi Saba khanum (Georgian)
    1. Zeynab Khanum
  9. Other wives with issues:
    1. Kafiya khanum
    2. Asiya khanum
    3. Sadri khanum

Apart from these, he had at least 7 additional sons who were executed in infancy.

References
  1. History of Shaki in Sources. Tahirzadä, Ädalät., Azärbaycan Milli Elmlär Akademiyası. Şäki Regional Elmi Märkäzi. Bakı: Master. 2005. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0976995409. OCLC 64428641.CS1 maint: others (link)
  2. Abdulhamid, Haji Seyid (1993). Khans of Shaki and their descendants (PDF) (in Azerbaijani). Baku. // From the history of Shaki Khanate. - second reprint (re-published edition with some amendments to the 1958 edition). - Baku: "Azerbaijan Encyclopedia" NPB, 1993. - ISBN 5-89600-007-4, OCLC 632855026.
  3. Shakikhanov, Karim agha. "Brief History of Shaki Khans". www.drevlit.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  4. The Dynasty of the Kajars: To which is Prefixed, a Succinct Account of the History of Persia, Previous to that Period. Bohn. 1833. p. 284.
  5. Dubrovin, Nikolay Fedorovich (1886). "History of War and Russian Dominion in the Caucasus (Volume 5)". runivers.ru. pp. 426–427. Retrieved 2019-07-03.
  6. Acts collected by the Caucasian Archeographic Commission: Volume II, Tbilisi, 1868, p. 643


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