Multipurpose Assault Craft

Multi-Purpose Assault Craft (MPAC) is a type of fast attack assault craft developed for the Philippine Navy. Originally designed to transport troops at a high speed and then land them on the beach, they have since expanded their roles to include interdiction, surface warfare, and search and rescue.

A PN MPAC Mk3 craft docked on shore.
Class overview
Name: MPAC (Multi-Purpose Assault/Attack Craft)
Builders:
Operators: Philippine Navy
In commission: 2009–present
Planned: 42
Building: 0
Completed: 12
Active: 12
General characteristics
Tonnage: Mk 3: 19 tonnes
Length:
  • Mk 1: 15 m
  • Mk 2: 17 m
  • Mk 3: 16.5 - 17 m
Beam: 4.76 m
Draft:
  • Mk 1: 0.92 m
  • Mk 2: 0.90 m
Depth: 2.1 m
Propulsion: Water Jet
Speed:
  • Mk 1: 40 kn
  • Mk 2: 45 kn
  • Mk 3: 45 - 47 kn
Range: Mk 3: 350 nmi at 30 kn
Troops:
  • Mk 1: 16
  • Mk 2: 16
  • Mk 3: 8-10
Complement:
  • Mk 1: 5
  • Mk 2: 5
  • Mk 3: 7
Armament:
An MPAC Mk 2 making a beach landing on Panguan Island, Tawi-Tawi

A total of 42 boats are planned to be built by the Navy[1] of which 12 have been completed as of September 2019. The Mk 3 version of the MPAC are the first boats in the history of the Philippine Navy to be officially armed with missiles.[2]

Construction

The MPAC's hull is made out of aluminum alloy[3] and is powered by water jet engines. It has a range of 560 kilometres (350 mi), a maximum speed of 40–47 knots, and carries a crew of 5-7 plus 8-16 fully equipped soldiers.[4]

Mk 1 and Mk 2 can deploy an Assault Ramp at their bow while in later versions this feature was removed.

History

In 2009, the Philippine Navy ordered the first batch of three ships from a Taiwanese company whose identity was never revealed. However, speculations point out that the manufacturer might be the Taiwanese company Lung Teh Shipbuilding Co. Ltd. These first three ships were commissioned into service during the Philippine Navy's 111th Anniversary on May 22, 2009. These boats are known as the Mk 1 versions.[5]

In 2011, an additional three MPACs were built that were slightly bigger than the previous three ships. These ships this time were built by the Filipino company Propmech Corp. Designated as Mk 2. The first of these second batch of MPACs was commissioned into service during the Philippine Navy's 114th Anniversary on May 22, 2012.[6] The next two ships were commissioned on August 6, 2012.[7]

In 2016, Propmech was again contracted to build another three ships for US$1.86 million (PHP 90 million) each and delivery was set for April 2017.[8] The ships, designated as Mk 3 versions, arrived without their armaments and were commissioned into service on May 22, 2017 as part of the Philippine Navy's Third Boat Attack Division of the Philippine Fleet's Littoral Combat Force.[9] The armaments for the Mk 3 were initially set to be delivered by December 2017,[10] but were only actually delivered in May 2018.[11]

In September 2017, the Department of National Defense (DND) released a tender to procure an additional three MPAC vessels based on the Mk 3 platform which will be fourth batch. The budget is set at US$1.77 million (PHP 90 million) each for the hulls only,[12] but these will be armed similarly as the Mk 3 version.

In May 2018, the DND revealed that they are studying a plan to arm the Mk 1 and Mk 2 versions of the MPAC with the same Spike ER missiles that are used on the Mk 3 version.[13] However this plan was changed by February 2020 as the Philippine Navy announced that the Mk 1 and Mk 2 versions will instead be armed only with the Mini Typhoon remote weapon station.[14]

The bidding for these boats underwent Post-Qualification (PQ) in July 2018[15] while construction started in November 2018.[16] These were then delivered in August 2019 and commissioned into service the following month in September 2019.[17]

This fourth batch has also been designated as part of the Mk 3 version[18] and are scheduled to be armed with Spike-ER missiles by the last quarter of 2020.[14]

Operational history

In May 2010, the MPACs first saw combat when used to extract Precinct Count Optical Scan (PCOS) machines in Basilan under heavy mortar fire from rogue Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels attempting to sabotage the election.[19]

In September 2013, the MPACs led the search and rescue operations for the passengers of the ill-fated MV St. Thomas Aquinas owned by the 2GO Shipping Company. It collided with M/V Sulpicio Express Siete in Cebu resulting in more than 100 casualties.[19]

In the same month of September 2013 during the Zamboanga City Crisis, four MPACs were among those used to patrol the coastal villages of Zamboanga City and prevent the sympathizers of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) in Basilan and Sulu from reinforcing their troops in Zamboanga.[20]

In September 2015, an MPAC participated in the 2015 PAGSISIKAP Fleet-Marine Amphibious Exercise in Ternate, Cavite by landing Philippine Marine Corps personnel into the beach.[21]

In March 2016, two MPACs of the Naval Forces Western Mindanao (NAVFORWESM) were used to intercept the M/L Fatima Radz-Auna off the coast of Arena Blanco, Zamboanga. The Radz-Auna was found with 1,500 5 kg sacks of smuggled Sugar with an estimated worth of PHP 3.15 million, and was immediately escorted to the Zamboanga Port and turned over to the Bureau of Customs.[22]

In December 2017, an MPAC Mk 2 (BA-485) was revealed to be assigned to guard the island province of Tawi-Tawi which lies near the Philippines' maritime border with Malaysia.[23]

In February 2018, two MPAC Mk 3 boats formed part of the 3rd Boat Attack Division under the operational control of the Joint Task Force - Malampaya of the Palawan-based Western Command (WesCom) where they will conduct patrol and rescue operations in the waters off Palawan, particularly around the Malampaya gas field area.[24]

In April 2018, the MPAC Mk 2 (BA-485) participated in the interception of the Mongolian registered M/V Diamond 8 vessel near the Olutanga Island in the province of Zamboanga Sibugay which was later found to be attempting to smuggle Php 67 million worth of rice. The sailors of BA-485 were later given the Bronze Cross Medal for this accomplishment in May 2018.[25] In July 2018, the MPAC Mk 1 (BA-482) participated in the second leg of the 4th Combined Maritime Security Activity (MSA) with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the waters around Tawi-Tawi along with the BRP Anastacio Cacayorin (PG-387) and BRP Felix Apolinario (PG-395) Patrol Crafts. The RAN sent the patrol vessels HMAS Ararat and HMAS Wollongong for the activity which consists of Meeting Procedures, Maritime Patrols and Ship Drills.[26]

In December 2018, an MPAC Mk 1 (BA-484) together with the BRP Waray (LC-288), BRP Agta (LC-290), BRP Juan Magluyan (PC-392), Philippine Marine Corps and Naval Special Operations Group units conducted an Amphibious Operation on Minis Island, Patikul, Sulu that resulted in the neutralization of seven Abu Sayyaf bandits, apprehension of 10 individuals and the recovery of several firearms and other war materials. The crew of BA-484 were later given the Military Merit Medal (Philippines) with Spearhead Device for their participation in the operation.[27]

In April 2020, MPAC Mk 3 (BA-493) delivered Relief Goods for Patients Under Investigation (PUI) and Persons Under Monitoring (PUM) for the coronavirus pandemic in the remote Towns of Mapun and Turtle Islands in Tawi-Tawi.[28]

In September 2020, MPAC Mk 3 (BA-492) spotted and rescued 4 Fishermen who were standing over their capsized Boat, the M/B Elsa 3 off the Coast of Zamboanga City.[29]

In November 3, 2020, 2 MPAC Mk 3 (BA-491) and (BA-493) intercepts and killed 7 Abu Sayyaf kidnappers in a boat chase near Parang, Sulu. AgustaWestland AW109 light attack helicopter of the Philippine Air Force was also involved at the boat chase.[30][31]

An MPAC Mk 3 intercepts a twin-engine speed boat used by Abu Sayyaf resulting to the death of 7 bandits near Parang, Sulu. Photo taken from AgustaWestland AW109 helicopter of Philippine Air Force on November 3, 2020

Versions
  • Mk 1:
    Original production version with total of three built by Lung Teh Shipbuiling Co.[32]
  • Mk 2:
    Next production version with another three built by Propmech Corp. This version is 2 m longer than the Mk 1 and is differentiated by the different shape of its Pilot House and the location of the 3 machine guns.[33]
  • Mk 3:
    Removal of assault ramp, able to operate up to Sea State 5[8] and armed with Spike-ER missiles, a 12.7 mm machine gun on a Mini-Typhoon Weapon Station[34] and two 7.62 mm machine guns.[35] The Spike missiles and Mini-Typhoon RWS first became operational with the Mk 3 in August 2018.[2]

Ships in class
Pennant number Commissioned Decommissioned Status
Mk 1
BA-482 22 May 2009 Active
BA-483 22 May 2009 Active
BA-484 22 May 2009 Active
Mk 2
BA-485 22 May 2012 Active
BA-486 06 Aug 2012 Active
BA-487 06 Aug 2012 Active
Mk 3
BA-488 22 May 2017 Active
BA-489 22 May 2017 Active
BA-491 22 May 2017 Active
BA-492 23 Sep 2019 Active
BA-493 23 Sep 2019 Active
BA-494 23 Sep 2019 Active
  • An MPAC Mk 1 designed to deploy up to 16 troops
  • An MPAC Mk 3 docked at the Naval Station Jose Andrada in Manila
  • The Bridge and Spike MLS ER Missile Launcher of an MPAC Mk3

See also

References
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  2. "Philippine Navy completes Sea Acceptance Test of Spike ER Missile System"
  3. "15M Multi-Purpose Attack Craft".
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  5. "Teodoro tells Philippine Navy on its 111th anniversary: "Exceed your achievements"". Archive.org. 22 May 2009. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  6. "Gazmin assures Navy of brand-new gear, assets showcased on Navy Day". Archive.org. 22 May 2012. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 5 March 2016.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  10. "Navy to have missile system by Christmas". ptvnews.ph. Retrieved 2017-11-20.
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  14. "3 more PN Assault Craft fitted with Spike-ER Missiles this year"
  15. "Proponent for Batch 4 Assault Crafts Now in Post-Qualification Phase"
  16. "PH Navy to get 3 more Multi-Purpose Attack Craft this Year"
  17. "PH Navy activates 4 more AAVs, 3 MPACs"
  18. "Navy blesses brand-new Fast Attack Craft, Amphibious Vehicles"
  19. "PHILIPPINE DEFENSE NEWS: Philippine Navy's Multi-Purpose Attack Craft or MPAC Led the Rescue Efforts in Cebu". Archive.org. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2017.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  25. "Navforwem Honors Sailors Who Intercept P67-M Smuggled Rice"
  26. "AFP-WestMinCom through PH Navy Welcomes Royal Australian Navy"
  27. "Navy fetes Western Mindanao Personnel for Gallantry, Performance"
  28. "Navy assists in Relief Good deliver in Tawi-Tawi"
  29. "Navy rescues 4 Fishermen off Zamboanga City"
  30. "Military foils Abu Sayyaf kidnap plot"
  31. "7 Abu Sayyaf men killed in daring operation"
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