NEAT1

Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a ~3.2 kb novel nuclear long non-coding RNA (RIKEN cDNA 2310043N10Rik). It is also known as Virus Inducible NonCoding RNA (VINC) or MEN epsilon RNA. It is transcribed from the multiple endocrine neoplasia locus.[3][4][5][6]

NEAT1
Identifiers
Aliases	NEAT1, LINC00084, NCRNA00084, TncRNA, VINC, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (non-protein coding), nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1
External IDs	OMIM: 612769 GeneCards: NEAT1
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 11 (human)[1] Band 11q13.1 Start 65,422,774 bp[1] End 65,445,540 bp[1]
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	283131	n/a
Ensembl	ENSG00000245532	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	Chr 11: 65.42 – 65.45 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Expression of NEAT1 is induced in mouse brains during infection by Japanese encephalitis virus and rabies virus. NEAT1 is constitutively expressed in a number of non-neuronal tissues and cell lines.

NEAT1 localizes to specific nuclear structures called paraspeckles.[7][8][9] NEAT1 RNA interacts with a paraspeckle protein known as P54nrb or NONO and it is essential for paraspeckle formation. Some studies demonstrate that NEAT1 RNA is essential for the formation and maintenance of paraspeckles. Thus, this novel noncoding RNA appears to have an important structural role in the nuclear paraspeckles.[7][8][9] There are two isoforms of NEAT1, NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2, which are regulated by alternative 3′-end processing.[10] Mutant mice lacking Neat1 do not exhibit overt external abnormalities, but the female mice exhibit decreased fertility and lactation defect.[11][12]

See also

• MALAT1-associated small cytoplasmic RNA
• Long non-coding RNA

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000245532 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. Saha S, Rangarajan PN (2003). "Common host genes are activated in mouse brain by Japanese encephalitis and rabies viruses". J Gen Virol. 84 (Pt 7): 1729–1735. doi:10.1099/vir.0.18826-0. PMID 12810866.
4. Saha S, Murthy S, Rangarajan PN (2006). "Identification and characterization of a virus-inducible non-coding RNA in mouse brain". J Gen Virol. 87 (Pt 7): 1991–1995. doi:10.1099/vir.0.81768-0. PMID 16760401.
5. Hutchinson JN, Ensminger AW, Clemson CM, Lynch CR, Lawrence JB, Chess A (2007). "A screen for nuclear transcripts identifies two linked noncoding RNAs associated with SC35 splicing domains". BMC Genomics. 8: 39. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-39. PMC 1800850. PMID 17270048.
6. "Entrez Gene: nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (non-protein coding)".
7. Sasaki YT, Ideue T, Sano M, Mituyama T, Hirose T (2009). "MENepsilon/beta noncoding RNAs are essential for structural integrity of nuclear paraspeckles". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (8): 2525–2530. doi:10.1073/pnas.0807899106. PMC 2650297. PMID 19188602.
8. Clemson CM, Hutchinson JN, Sara SA, Ensminger AW, Fox AH, Chess A, Lawrence JB (2009). "An architectural role for a nuclear noncoding RNA: NEAT1 RNA is essential for the structure of paraspeckles". Mol Cell. 33 (6): 717–726. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.01.026. PMC 2696186. PMID 19217333.
9. Sunwoo H, Dinger ME, Wilusz JE, Amaral PP, Mattick JS, Spector DL (2009). "MEN epsilon/beta nuclear-retained non-coding RNAs are up-regulated upon muscle differentiation and are essential components of paraspeckles". Genome Res. 19 (3): 347–359. doi:10.1101/gr.087775.108. PMC 2661813. PMID 19106332.
10. Naganuma T, Nakagawa S, Tanigawa A, Sasaki YF, Goshima N, Hirose T (2012). "Alternative 3′-end Processing of Long Noncoding RNA Initiates Construction of Nuclear Paraspeckles". EMBO J. 31 (20): 4020–4034. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.251. PMC 3474925. PMID 3474925.
11. Nakagawa S, Shimada M, Yanaka K, Mito M, Arai T, Takahashi E, Fujita Y, FUjimori T, Standaert L, Marine JC, Hirose T (2014). "The lncRNA Neat1 Is Required for Corpus Luteum Formation and the Establishment of Pregnancy in a Subpopulation of Mice". Development. 141 (23): 4618–4627. doi:10.1242/dev.110544. PMC 4302932. PMID 25359727.
12. Standaert L, Adriaens C, Radaelli E, Keymeulen AV, Blanpain C, Hirose T, Nakagawa S, Marine JC (2014). "The Long Noncoding RNA Neat1 Is Required for Mammary Gland Development and Lactation". RNA. 20 (12): 1844–1849. doi:10.1261/rna.047332.114. PMC 4238351. PMID 25316907.

Further reading

• Guru SC, Agarwal SK, Manickam P, et al. (1997). "A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus". Genome Res. 7 (7): 725–735. doi:10.1101/gr.7.7.725. PMC 310681. PMID 9253601.
• Mao YS, Sunwoo H, Zhang B, Spector DL (2011). "Direct visualization of the co-transcriptional assembly of a nuclear body by noncoding RNAs". Nat. Cell Biol. 13 (1): 95–101. doi:10.1038/ncb2140. PMC 3007124. PMID 21170033.
• Peyman JA (2001). "Mammalian expression cloning of two human trophoblast suppressors of major histocompatibility complex genes". Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 45 (6): 382–392. doi:10.1111/j.8755-8920.2001.450603.x. PMID 11458881. S2CID 10836255.
• Geirsson A, Lynch RJ, Paliwal I, et al. (2003). "Human trophoblast noncoding RNA suppresses CIITA promoter III activity in murine B-lymphocytes". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 301 (3): 718–724. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00028-7. PMID 12565840.
• Chen LL, Carmichael GG (2009). "Altered nuclear retention of mRNAs containing inverted repeats in human embryonic stem cells: functional role of a nuclear noncoding RNA". Mol. Cell. 35 (4): 467–478. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2009.06.027. PMC 2749223. PMID 19716791.
• Peyman JA (1999). "Repression of major histocompatibility complex genes by a human trophoblast ribonucleic acid". Biol. Reprod. 60 (1): 23–31. doi:10.1095/biolreprod60.1.23. PMID 9858482.