Octafluoropropane

Octafluoropropane
Structural formula of octafluoropropane	Ball-and-stick model of octafluoropropane
Names
	IUPAC name Octafluoropropane
	Other names Freon 218; Perfluoropropane; RC 218, PFC 218; R218; Flutec PP30; genetron 218
Identifiers
CAS Number	76-19-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:31980 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1663 ;
ChemSpider	6192 ;
DrugBank	DB00556 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.857
KEGG	D01738 ;
PubChem CID	6432;
RTECS number	TZ5255000;
UNII	CK0N3WH0SR ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9052503 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C3F8/c4-1(5,2(6,7)8)3(9,10)11 Key: QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C3F8/c4-1(5,2(6,7)8)3(9,10)11 Key: QYSGYZVSCZSLHT-UHFFFAOYAL;
	SMILES FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F;
Properties
Chemical formula	C3F8
Molar mass	188.02 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless gas with; faintly sweet odor
Density	8.17 g/l, gas
Melting point	−183 °C (−297.4 °F; 90.1 K)
Boiling point	−36.7 °C (−34.1 °F; 236.5 K)
Structure
Dipole moment	0.014 D
Hazards
Main hazards	Suffocation
Safety data sheet	See: data page
GHS pictograms
GHS hazard statements	H280
GHS precautionary statements	P410+403
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	0 1 0
Flash point	N/A
Related compounds
Related halocarbons	Tetrafluoromethane; Hexafluoroethane
Related compounds	Propane
Supplementary data page
Structure and; properties	Refractive index (n),; Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic; data	Phase behaviour; solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

Octafluoropropane (C₃F₈) is the perfluorocarbon counterpart to the hydrocarbon propane. This non-flammable synthetic material has applications in semiconductor production and medicine. It is also an extremely potent greenhouse gas.

Manufacture

Octafluoropropane can be produced either by electrochemical fluorination or by the Fowler process using cobalt fluoride.[1]

Applications

In the electronics industry, octafluoropropane is mixed with oxygen and used as a plasma etching material for SiO₂ layers in semiconductor applications, as oxides are selectively etched versus their metal substrates.[2]

In medicine, octafluoropropane may compose the gas cores of microbubble contrast agents used in contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Octafluoropropane microbubbles reflect sound waves well and are used to improve the ultrasound signal backscatter.

It is used in eye surgery, such as pars plana vitrectomy procedures where a retina hole or tear is repaired. The gas provides a long-term tamponade, or plug, of a retinal hole or tear and allows re-attachment of the retina to occur over the several days following the procedure.

Under the name R-218, octafluoropropane is used in other industries as a component of refrigeration mixtures.

It has been featured in some plans for terraforming Mars. With a greenhouse gas effect 24,000 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO₂), octafluoropropane could dramatically reduce the time and resources it takes to terraform Mars.[3]

It is the active liquid in PICO-2L dark matter bubble detector (joined PICASSO and COUPP collaborations).

Liquid phase

Liquid density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 1601 kg/m³
Liquid/gas equivalent (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 196 vol/vol
Latent heat of vaporization (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 104.25 kJ/kg[4]

Gaseous phase

Gas density (1.013 bar at boiling point) : 10.3 kg/m³
Gas density (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 8.17 kg/m³
Compressibility Factor (Z) (1.013 bar and 15 °C (59 °F)) : 0.975
Specific gravity (air = 1) (1.013 bar and 21 °C (70 °F)) : 6.683
Specific volume (1.013 bar and 21 °C (70 °F)) : 0.125 m³/kg
Viscosity (1.013 bar and 0 °C (32 °F)) : 0.000125 Poise
Thermal conductivity (1.013 bar and 0 °C (32 °F)) : 12.728 mW/(m·K)
Thermal Conductivity, Gas @ 101.325 kPa and 25 °C: 13.8 mW/(m·K)
Vapour Pressure @ 21.1 °C: 792 kPa[4]

Major hazards

References

Fowler RD, Buford III WB, Hamilton Jr JM, Sweet RG, Weber CE, Kasper JS, Litant I (1947). "Synthesis of Fluorocarbons". Ind. Eng. Chem. 39 (3): 292–298. doi:10.1021/ie50447a612.
Coburn, J. W. (1982). "Plasma-assisted etching". Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2 (1): 1–41. doi:10.1007/BF00566856.
D. Rogers (17–21 October 2005). Studies in the Future of Experimental Terraforming (PDF). 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation. Fukuoka, Japan: International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law.
"Encyclopédie des gaz". air liquide.

External links

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[1] Fowler RD, Buford III WB, Hamilton Jr JM, Sweet RG, Weber CE, Kasper JS, Litant I (1947). "Synthesis of Fluorocarbons". Ind. Eng. Chem. 39 (3): 292–298. doi:10.1021/ie50447a612.

[2] Coburn, J. W. (1982). "Plasma-assisted etching". Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing. 2 (1): 1–41. doi:10.1007/BF00566856.

[3] D. Rogers (17–21 October 2005). Studies in the Future of Experimental Terraforming (PDF). 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation. Fukuoka, Japan: International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law.

[enzy-4] "Encyclopédie des gaz". air liquide.