Oenotrians

The Oenotrians ("tribe led by Oenotrus" or "people from the land of vines - Οἰνωτρία") were an ancient people of Greek origin who inhabited a territory in southern Italy from Paestum to southern Calabria. By the sixth century BC, the Oenotrians had been absorbed into other Italic tribes.

According to Pausanias and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Oenotria was named after Oenotrus, the youngest of the fifty sons of Lycaon who migrated there from Arcadia in Peloponnese, Greece.[1][2] According to Antoninus Liberalis and Hellanicus, their arrival triggered the migration of the Elymians to Sicily.[3] The settlement of the Greeks with the first stable colonies, such as Metapontum, founded on a native one (Metabon), pushed the Oenotrians inland. From these positions a "wear and tear war" was started off with the Greek colonies, which they plundered more than once. From the 5th century BC onwards, they disappeared under the pressure of an Oscan people, the Lucanians. Virgil mentions them as the settlers of Hesperia whose descendants now call their land Italy.[4] They are generally depicted as belonging to the Pelasgians.[5]

A likely derivation of the ethnonym Oenotrian would be the Greek οἶνος (oinos), "wine",[6] as the Oenotrians inhabited a territory rich in vineyards, with Oenotria (or Enotria) being extended to refer to the entirety of Southern Italy.[7] Hesychius mentions the word οἴνωτρον (oinōtron), a kind of a vine stake.[8]

According to a traditionalist view, the Oenotrians represent the southern branch of a very old and different ethno-linguistic layer from the proto-Latin one, which would have occupied the Tyrrhenian sea area from Liguria to Sicily (Ligurian/Sicanian layer).[9]

See also

Notes
  1. Pausanias, Description of Greece, Arcadia, 8.3.5 (Theoi Project)
  2. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 11-13 (LacusCurtius)
  3. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 22 (LacusCurtius)
  4. Virgil (2006). The Aeneid. New York: Penguin Classics. p. 65. ISBN 9780143105138.
  5. Le Glay, Marcel. (2009). A history of Rome. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-8327-7. OCLC 760889060.
  6. οἶνος, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  7. McGee, Harold. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Simon and Schuster, 2004, ISBN 0-684-80001-2, p. 716. "...calling southern Italy Oenotria, "land of the grape." Over the next couple of centuries, Rome advanced the art of winemaking considerably."
  8. οἴνωτρον, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
  9. Sciarretta, Antonio (2010). Toponomastica d'Italia. Nomi di luoghi, storie di popoli antichi. Milano: Mursia. pp. 174–194. ISBN 978-88-425-4017-5.
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