Online dating application

An online dating application is an online dating service presented through a mobile phone application, often taking advantage of a smartphone's GPS location capabilities, always on-hand presence, and easy access to digital photo galleries and mobile wallets to enhance the traditional nature of online dating.

These apps can simplify and speed the process of sifting through potential dating partners, chatting, flirting, and potentially meeting or becoming romantically involved over traditional online dating services.

The launch of Tinder in 2012 led to a growth of online dating applications, both by new providers and by traditional online dating services that expanded into the mobile app market.

Origins

Tinder was the application that led the surge in mobile dating applications.[1] Tinder was released in September 12, 2012 by founders Sean Ra, Jonathan Badeen, Justin Mateen, Joe Munoz, Dinesh Moorjani, Chris Gylczynski, and Whitney Wolfe. Although, other sources state that the founders are Mateen, Rad, and Badeen only.[2]

Usage by demographic group

Online dating applications target a young demographic group. Whereas before, people had very little exposure to online dating, today almost 50% of people know of someone who use the services or has met their loved one through the service.[3] After the iPhone launch in 2007, online dating data has only increased as application usage increased. In 2005, only 10% of 18-24 year olds reported to have used online dating services; this number increased to over 27% of this population.[4] Making this target demographic the largest number of users for most applications. When Pew Research Center conducted a study in 2016, they found that 59% of U.S. adults agreed that online dating is a good way to meet people compared to 44% in 2005. This increase in usage by this target group can be justified by their increased use of smartphones which lead them to use these smartphone dating apps. About 1 in 5 18-24-year-old (22%)[3] reported using dating applications in 2016, whereas only 5% did so in 2003.[4]

Tinder

Tinder is a dating application that enables users to quickly browse through photographs of other users within a defined proximity. Tinder is known for its unique swiping mechanism. When the user comes across someone they are interested in, they swipe right. If the user is not interested in someone, they swipe left. If two users mutually swipe right on each other it's called a 'match' and a chat can be initiated between them. This basic mechanism has since been used in other dating apps, including Bumble.[5]

After Tinder's success, many others tried creating their own dating applications and dating websites such as Match.Com created applications for convenience. ARC from Applause,[6] a research group on app economy, conducted a research study in 2016 on how 1.5 million U.S. consumers rated 97 of the most popular dating apps. The research results indicated that only 11 apps scored 50 or greater (out of 100) with more than 10,000 reviews from the app store. These include: Jaumo, OKCupid, happn, SCRUFF by Perry Street, Moco by JNJ Mobile, GROWL by Initech, Skout, Qeep by Blue Lion mobile, MeetMe, Badoo, and Hornet. An app with a 50+ score was considered successful. Other popular applications like Bumble, Grindr, eHarmony and Match scored 40 or less.[6] To ensure privacy for celebrities, Raya emerged as a membership-based dating app, allowing entrance only through referrals.[7] In 2019 - Taimi that started out as an alternative to Grindr launched a first LGBTQI+ inclusive dating app.[8]

Effects on dating

The usage of online dating applications can have both advantages and disadvantages:

Advantages

Many of the applications provide personality tests for matching or use algorithms to match users.[9] These factors enhance the possibility of users getting matched with a compatible candidate. Users are in control; they are provided with many options so there are enough matches that fit their particular type. Users can simply choose to not match the candidates that they know they are not interested in. Narrowing down options is easy. Once users think they are interested, they are able to chat and get to know the potential candidate. This type of communication saves the time, money, and risk users would not avoid if they were dating the traditional way.[10] Online dating offers convenience; people want dating to work around their schedules. Online dating can also increase self-confidence; even if users get rejected, they know there are hundreds of other candidates that will want to match with them so they can simply move on to the next option.[11] In fact, 60% of U.S. adults agree that online dating is a good way to meet people and 66% say they have gone on a real date with someone they met through an application. Today, 5% of married Americans or Americans in serious relationships said they met their significant other online[4]

Disadvantages

Sometimes having too many options can be overwhelming. With so many options available, users can get lost in their choices and end up spending too much time looking for the "perfect" candidate instead of using that time to start a real relationship.[10] In addition, the algorithms and matching systems put in place may not always be as accurate as users think. There is no perfect system that can match two people’s personalities perfectly every time.[12]

Communication online also lacks the physical chemistry aspect that is essential for choosing a potential partner. Much is lost in translation through texting. Online dating has made dating very superficial; the picture on users’ profile may cause someone to match or not match before even getting to know their personalities.[13]

After analysing a significant number of diverse mobile dating applications, researchers have concluded that most of the major dating applications are vulnerable to simple sniffing attacks, which could reveal very sensitive personal information such as sexual orientation, preferences, e-mails, degree of interaction between users, etc.[14]

Furthermore, online dating platforms are also becoming breeding grounds for honeypots wherein attackers create fake profiles to steal user's private information, one such work studies and evaluates user's vulnerabilities of disclosing personally identifiable information (PII) in Tinder, a mobile dating app.[15]

An issue amplified by dating apps is a phenomenon known as 'ghosting', whereby one party in a relationship cuts off all communication with the other party without warning or explanation. Ghosting poses a serious problem for dating apps as it can lead to users deleting the apps. For this reason companies like Bumble and Badoo are cracking down on the practice with new features that make it easier for users to end chat conversations more politely.[16]

Online dating is stigmatized,[17] but it is becoming more accepted over time.

Data privacy

Dating apps and online dating sites are often involved in cases concerning the misuse of data. In 2018 Grindr, the first platform for gay dating, is accused to have shared data about the HIV status of its users with numerous companies.[18] Grindr recognized the allegations[19] but claim that It was in order to optimize its platform which doesn’t convince the LGBT community. Grindr defend itself by sharing the Data Loss Prevention of the company and reassure the users with the public intervention of its CTO Scott Chen. In Europe dating platform care more and more about data legislation because of the GDPR sanctions that threatens companies of economic sanctions.

Other personal data are sold by dating apps. The one that is the most bought by private companies remains the geographical information of users. When the user allow localization, apps record them and store them using Geographic Coordinate System. When a data breach happens, geographical information directly exposes users.

As others applications, dating apps can have breaches: hackers have revealed security issues on Tinder,[20] Coffee Meets Bagel[21] or Adult FriendFinder for instance. On the last one, the data of more than 412 million users was exposed, one of the largest leak in terms of the number of accounts exposed.[22] In 2016, the sharing of personal information from almost 40 million users of Ashley Madison by a group of Hackers, the "Impact Team", revealed their real name, phone number, email address, geographical position and sexual preferences.[23] Ashley Madison assured their more than 35 million users that the service was totally "anonymous" and "100% discrete" but they didn't delete completely accounts when users chose to (and paid for that) or recognize that data had actually leaked in a first time. Some suicides have been reported after the leak.[24] Taimi introduced bank-level security to become the "safest dating app" for gay people to date. [25]

See also

References
  1. Wood, Molly (2015-02-04). "Led by Tinder, a Surge in Mobile Dating Apps". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  2. Witt, Emily (2014-02-11). "How the Tinder App Became a Success". GQ. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  3. "Online dating usage by demographic group". Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. 2016-02-10. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  4. "5 facts about online dating". Pew Research Center. 2016-02-29. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  5. "Tinder: The Online Dating App Everyone's Talking About". Marie Claire. 2016-09-22. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  6. "The Best And Worst Dating Apps For 2016". ARC. 2016-02-10. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  7. Roose, Kevin (27 June 2018). "Can 'Illuminati Tinder' Save Us All?". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 June 2019.
  8. Q. N. Editor (2019-08-13). "TAIMI BECOMES THE FIRST LGBTQI+ INCLUSIVE SOCIAL AND DATING NETWORK IN THE U.K." Queer News. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
  9. "Free Online Dating | OkCupid". OkCupid | Free Online Dating. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  10. "Pros and Cons of Online Dating". Psychology Today. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  11. "How Technology is Changing Dating - PsychAlive". www.psychalive.org. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  12. Dewey, Caitlin (2015-11-11). "The one thing about 'matching' algorithms that dating sites don't want you to know". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  13. Expert, Mara Opperman Relationship Etiquette; IDoNowIDont.com, Co-Founder of; GATTO, Director of Communications at DEL (2015-02-20). "The Superficiality of Online Dating Apps". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  14. Patsakis, Constantinos; Zigomitros, Athanasios; Solanas, Agusti (15 June 2015). Analysis of privacy and security exposure in mobile dating applications. International Conference on Mobile, Secure and Programmable Networking. Paris. pp. 151–162. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25744-0_13.
  15. Nandawani, Mona; Kaushal, Rishabh (5 July 2017). Evaluating User Vulnerability to Privacy Disclosures over Online Dating Platforms. International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing. Italy. pp. 342–353. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61542-4_32.
  16. Horton, Helena (2018-10-29). "Dating apps crack down on 'ghosting', as 'epidemic' of ignoring partners puts off users". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 2020-03-18.
  17. https://search.proquest.com/openview/9d2ea980a396752eb0e53d7171a521ff/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
  18. Moylan, Brian (2018-04-04). "Grindr was a safe space for gay men. Its HIV status leak betrayed us | Brian Moylan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  19. Kimball, Spencer (2018-04-02). "Grindr defends sharing user HIV status with other companies". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  20. "Millions of Tinder users may be affected by new security breach". JOE.ie. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  21. Donie O'Sullivan; Sara O'Brien. "Dating app reveals data breach on Valentine's Day". CNN. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  22. Peterson, Andrea (2016-11-14). "Adult FriendFinder hit with one of the biggest data breaches ever, report says". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  23. Brandom, Russell (2015-08-19). "Find out if your email is part of the Ashley Madison hack". The Verge. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  24. Lamont, Tom (2016-02-28). "Life after the Ashley Madison affair". The Observer. ISSN 0029-7712. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
  25. "New gay dating app has 'bank-level' security for those afraid to be outed". Gay Star News. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2019-09-19.
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