PPAN

Suppressor of SWI4 1 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PPAN gene.[5][6]

PPAN
Identifiers
AliasesPPAN, BXDC3, SSF, SSF-1, SSF1, SSF2, peter pan homolog (Drosophila), peter pan homolog
External IDsOMIM: 607793 MGI: 2178445 HomoloGene: 5690 GeneCards: PPAN
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 19 (human)[1]
Band19p13.2Start10,106,362 bp[1]
End10,112,012 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

56342

235036

Ensembl

ENSG00000130810

ENSMUSG00000004100

UniProt

Q9NQ55

Q91YU8

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001346139
NM_001346141
NM_020230

NM_145610

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001035754
NP_001185619

NP_663585

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 10.11 – 10.11 MbChr 9: 20.89 – 20.89 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

The protein encoded by this gene is an evolutionarily conserved protein similar to yeast SSF1 as well as to the gene product of the Drosophila gene peter pan (PPAN). SSF1 is known to be involved in the second step of mRNA splicing. Both SSF1 and PPAN are essential for cell growth and proliferation. This gene was found to cotranscript with P2RY11/P2Y(11), an immediate downstream gene on the chromosome that encodes an ATP receptor. The chimeric transcripts of this gene and P2RY11 were found to be ubiquitously present and regulated during granulocytic differentiation. Exogenous expression of this gene was reported to reduce the anchorage-independent growth of some tumor cells.[6]

Although being involved in ribosome biogenesis, human PPAN is not merely localized in nucleoli, but also in mitochondria. Depletion of PPAN provokes apoptosis as observed by increased amounts of p53 and its target gene p21, BAX-driven depolarisation of mitochondria, cytochrome c release as well as caspase-dependent cleavage of PARP.[7] Recent studies revealed that PPAN participates in the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis, presumably via modulation of autophagy.[8] Furthermore, PPAN is required for proper cycling of cells since down regulation of PPAN in cancer cells results in a p53-independent cell cycle arrest.[9]

One of the introns of PPAN encodes the Small nucleolar RNA SNORD105.[10]

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130810 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000004100 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. Welch PJ, Marcusson EG, Li QX, Beger C, Krüger M, Zhou C, et al. (June 2000). "Identification and validation of a gene involved in anchorage-independent cell growth control using a library of randomized hairpin ribozymes". Genomics. 66 (3): 274–83. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6230. PMID 10873382.
  6. "Entrez Gene: PPAN peter pan homolog (Drosophila)".
  7. Pfister AS, Keil M, Kühl M (April 2015). "The Wnt Target Protein Peter Pan Defines a Novel p53-independent Nucleolar Stress-Response Pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 290 (17): 10905–18. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.634246. PMC 4409253. PMID 25759387.
  8. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/8/8/894
  9. Keil M, Meyer MT, Dannheisig DP, Maerz LD, Philipp M, Pfister AS (May 2019). "Loss of Peter Pan protein is associated with cell cycle defects and apoptotic events". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research. 1866 (5): 882–895. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.010. PMID 30716409.
  10. Vitali P, Royo H, Seitz H, Bachellerie JP, Hüttenhofer A, Cavaillé J (November 2003). "Identification of 13 novel human modification guide RNAs". Nucleic Acids Research. 31 (22): 6543–51. doi:10.1093/nar/gkg849. PMC 275545. PMID 14602913.

Further reading


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