Pakubuwono XIII

Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII (Javanese script: ꦯꦩ꧀ꦥꦺꦪꦤ꧀ꦢꦊꦩ꧀ꦲꦶꦁꦏꦁꦯꦶꦤꦸꦲꦸꦤ꧀ꦑꦁꦗꦼꦁꦯꦸꦱꦸꦲꦸꦤꦤ꧀ꦦꦏꦸꦧꦸꦮꦤ XIII; born in Surakarta, June 28, 1948) is a king of Surakarta Sunanate since 2004. The title Pakubuwono XIII was initially claimed by 2 princes after the death of Pakubuwono XII without clear heir apparent as he never appointed a queen consort. The oldest son, Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi, was appointed by the royal family as the court's ruler and KGPH. Tedjowulan declared walkout from the palace; both of them claimed as a legal throne functionary and each separately held their father's funeral.[1] However, family consensus had recognized KGPH. Hangabehi as SISKS Pakubuwono XIII.[2]

Sunan Pakubuwono XIII of Surakarta granting an honorary degree in culture.

On July 18 – 19, 2009, there was a ceremony in the kraton where the enthronement anniversary was conducted with the sacred Bedoyo Dance performed especially for the ceremony. The attendees consisted of various local and foreign dignitaries as well as Hangabehi's half-brother Tedjowulan. Since 2012, conflict of twin kings in Sunanate of Surakarta had been ended after KGPH. Tedjowulan acknowledged his half-brother as Pakubuwono XIII in an official reconciliation event initiated by Surakarta city government with People's Representative Council, and KGPH. Tedjowulan himself became a mahapatih (viceregent) styled Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Panembahan Agung.

Early life

KGPH. Hangabehi was born from Pakubuwono XII and his wife, Kanjeng Raden Ayu Pradoponingroem, as the eldest son.[3] His original name was Gusti Raden Mas Surjadi. As he was a sickly boy, his paternal grandmother, Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Pakubuwono, rechristened his name to GRM. Surjo Partono, as did by most Javanese people in accordance with spiritual advice in their culture. In 1979, paugeran or cultural regulation determined him to bear name Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Hangabehi, meaning that he, as the eldest prince, was prepared as future heir.

In governmental matter, KGPH. Hangabehi ever became pangageng (official) of Museum Keraton and many other important positions. He was also awarded 1st Sri Kabadya Star by Pakubuwono XII for hia service in overcoming great fire in Surakarta Palace in 1985. From all of Pakubuwono XII's children, KGPH. Hangabehi is the only child to be awarded by such a decoration. Other than some high awards from some national and international institutions, KGPH. Hangabehi is also an awardee of honorary degree from Global University for Lifelong Learning (GULL), United States. His daily hobbies isn't different from that of non-royal members. KGPH. Hangabehi, other than playing keyboard and riding supercharged motorcycle, is also active in Organisasi Amatir Radio Indonesia.

Two claimants

Upon the death of Pakubuwono XII in 2004 there was no clear heir as there was no official queen installed. Two half-brothers who are sons of Pakubuwono XII claimed the throne.[4][5]

On August 31, 2004, KGPH. Tedjowulan was crowned by some of his siblings in Sasana Purnama. However, in a meeting of Pakubuwono XII's children held on July 10, 2004, it was determined that the eldest prince, Hangabehi would be the next ruler, and that his coronation would be held on September 10, 2004. In early September 2004, Tedjowulan and his followers made a sudden attack and battered the palace gate down, causing some injuries to noblemen and court servants. Due to the unrest, Kanjeng Pangeran Edy Wirabumi, chairman of the Surakarta Palace Legal Institution reported Tedjowulan's supporters to Surakarta Resort Police for destruction of cultural preserves in court's vicinity.

Eventually, on September 10, 2004 three of the court's elders, Gusti Pangeran Haryo Mataram, Bendoro Kanjeng Pangeran Haryo Prabuwinoto, and Gusti Raden Ayu Brotodiningrat, gave their blessing to Hangabehi as Pangeran Adipati Anom (crown prince) in Surakarta Palace, lending legitimacy to Hangabehi's claim to be the new ruler of Surakarta.

Resolution

Reconciliation between KGPH. Hangabehi and KGPH. Tejowulan took place in 2012, at the initiative of the then-Mayor of Surakarta, Joko Widodo. Reconciliation signing was held in Parliament House at Senayan, Jakarta, June 4, 2012. The reconciliation was witnessed by Chairman of People's Representative Council Marzuki Alie, Chairman of 2nd, 4th, and 9th Committee of People's Representative Council, representatives of Ministries of Public Works, Home Affairs, Tourism and Creative Economy, Governor of Central Java Bibit Waluyo, Mayor of Surakarta Joko Widodo, etc.[6] The meeting stipulated that KGPH. Tedjowulan agreed to relinquish the title of Pakubuwana XIII, after which he was granted title Kangjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryo Panembahan Agung, and title Pakubuwana XIII solely became KGPH. Hangabehi's. During the 8th ceremony of Tingalandalem Jumenengan (coronation) on June 15, 2012, KGPH. Tedjowulan was officially invited to attend the ceremony, and made sungkem (kneeling) in front of Pakubuwono XIII as a form of pardon request.

However, the separate groups within the Surakarta palace often still disagreed and events in 2014 and 2016 reflected continuing conflict.[7]

In April 2017, it appeared that an important step had been taken to resolve the continuing disagreements within the royal families. In late April, Susuhunan Pakubuwono XIII Hangabehi was formally crowned at a large ceremony in the Surakarta Palace. The event was attended by hundreds of invitees, including Minister of Home Affairs Tjahjo Kumolo, Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo, Surakarta Mayor F. X. Hadi Rudyatmo and Soedjiatmi Notomihardjo, the mother of President of Indonesia, Joko "Jokowi" Widodo.[8]

Family

Marriage

Pakubuwono XIII has married three times:

1. Nuk Kusumaningdiah/KRAy. Endang Kusumaningdiah (divorced)
2. Winarsih Sri Harjani/KRAy. Winarti (divorced)
3. Asih Winarni/KRAy. Pradoponingsih/GKR. Pakubuwono (queen consort)

Sons

1. GRM. Suryo Suharto/KGPH. Mangkubumi
2. GRM. Suryo Aryo Mustiko/KGPH. Purboyo

Daughters

1. Gusti Raden Ajeng Rumbai Kusuma Dewayani/GKR. Timur
2. GRAj. Devi Elyana
3. GRAj. Ratih Wijasani
4. GRAj. Sugih Oceani
5. GRAj. Putri Purnaningrum

References

1. Seth Mydans, '"In a Sultanate Known as Solo, One Too Many Kings," New York Times, February 17, 2008.
2. Ganug Nugroho Adil, 'KGPH Tedjowulan: Reviving the place of Surakarta', The Jakarta Post, July 4, 2012. SISKS is the abbreviation of the Javanese regnal title Sampeyan dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Susuhunan. Susuhunan is a title used in regnal circles in Surakarta.
3. Wirabhumi, Kanjeng Pangeran (2004). Mas Behi: Angger-angger dan Perubahan Zaman. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayaan Keraton Surakarta.
4. "New Surakarta sultan named amid deepening intrigue, JAKARTA POST", Worldsources Online, FDCH e-media, June 2, 2004, retrieved May 6, 2016
5. "New Surakarta sultan named amid deepening intrigue", Asia Africa Intelligence Wire, Financial Times Ltd, June 2, 2004, retrieved May 6, 2016
6. Akhirnya, Keraton Surakarta Rekonsiliasi.
7. Ganug Nugroho Adil, 'Separate ascension celebrations highlight crack in Surakarta sultanate', The Jakarta Post, May 5, 2016.
8. Ganug Nugroho Adil, 'Hangabehi takes control of Surakarta palace', April 25, 2017, The Jakarta Post.