Pallop Pinmanee

Pallop Pinmanee (Thai: พัลลภ ปิ่นมณี,RTGS: Phanlop Pinmani, born 25 May 1936) is a retired Thai Army general who took part in several coups, ordered the massacre of insurgents at Krue Sae Mosque and allegedly played a role in the attempted car-bomb assassination of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. After a 2006 military coup overthrew Thaksin, the military junta appointed Pallop public relations adviser to the Internal Security Operations Command of Thailand. He eventually switched sides and became an adviser to Thaksin's younger sister Yingluck Shinawatra while she was serving as prime minister.

Pallop Pinmanee
Born (1936-05-25) 25 May 1936
Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
Allegiance Thailand
Service/branch Royal Thai Army
Years of service1964-1996
Rank General[1]
Unit1st King's Own Bodyguard Regiment
9th Infantry Division
Royal Thai Army Special Warfare Command
Commands heldInternal Security Operations Command
Battles/wars
Alma materAmnuay Silpa School
Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy
Command and General Staff College[2]
Spouse(s)Khunying Naruedee Pinmanee[3]

Military career

Pallop was a member of Class Seven of the Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy, the "young Turks", where he befriended classmate Chamlong Srimuang.[4] He began his military career as a commando and self-professed assassin.[5] With his young Turk classmates, Pallop was involved in successful military coups against the governments of Seni Pramoj and Tanin Kraivixien and an unsuccessful April Fool's Day 1981 coup against the government of Prem Tinsulanonda. He also admitted masterminding a number of assassination attempts against General Arthit Kamlang-ek, commander of the Army under Prem.

He participated in guerrilla-warfare missions in Laos in 1966 and 1967 and was appointed chief of the Special Thai Ranger Army, a volunteer unit which carried out clandestine, anti-communist guerrilla operations financed by the US Central Intelligence Agency against the North Vietnamese Army along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in the Kingdom of Laos, in 1968.[5][6] Two years later, he was appointed leader of a secret seven-man unit which carried out extrajudicial killings. "The assignment was to kill the leaders of communist groups all over Thailand", he told a reporter, and claimed to have assassinated many suspected communists.[5]

Pallop was appointed a senator by the military-led government in 1979, and became commander of the 19th Infantry Regiment the following year. He participated in operations along the Thai-Cambodian border in 1986 and 1987.[7]

He was involved in several coups.[6] With other members of the Young Turks, he helped topple the elected government of Seni Pramoj after the massacre of 6 October 1976. Pallop also participated in the 1977 coup against the ultra-conservative government of Tanin Kraivixien. During the Prem government, the Young Turks tried to seize power on 1 April 1981. When it became clear that the royal family continued to support Prem, the coup failed; although Pallop fled to the Lao People's Democratic Republic to escape punishment, he was jailed for two months by the Laotian government. He later admitted masterminding a number of assassination attempts against General Arthit Kamlang-ek, commander of the army in Prem's administration.

Although Pallop was rehabilitated and retired from the Royal Thai Army with the rank of general in 1996, he was appointed deputy director-general of the Internal Security Operations Command. In this position, he ordered military forces to storm the Krue Sae Mosque during a standoff with southern insurgents.

Krue Sae mosque incident

Pallop was appointed commander of the Southern Peace Enhancement Center to deal with insurgency in southern Thailand. On 28 April 2004, more than 100 militants carried out attacks against 10 police stations across Pattani, Yala and Songkhla provinces in southern Thailand.[8] Thirty-two insurgents retreated to the Krue Sae Mosque, the main mosque in Pattani. A seven-hour standoff ended when Pallop, the senior army commander on the scene, ordered an assault on the mosque; all the insurgents were killed. He later said, "I had no choice. I was afraid that as time passed the crowd would become sympathetic to the insurgents, to the point of trying to rescue them."[9]

It was learned that Pallop's order to storm the mosque contravened an order by defense minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh to seek a peaceful resolution to the standoff, regardless of how long it took.[10] Pallop was immediately ordered out of the area, and later tendered his resignation as commander of the Southern Peace Enhancement Center. The forward command of the Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC), which Pallop headed, was also dissolved. Although a governmental investigative commission found that security forces had overreacted, the Asian Centre for Human Rights questioned the commission's independence and impartiality. During a 3 May 2004 Senate hearing, Senator Kraisak Choonhavan noted that most of those killed at Krue Se Mosque were shot in the head and had signs that rope had been tied around their wrists. The incident sparked conflict between Pallop and Defense Minister Chavalit (who was also director of the ISOC),[11] and Pallop later demanded that the defense minister end his involvement in managing the southern insurgency.[12] General Chavalit Yongchaiyudh compared Pallop to American General Douglas MacArthur.[13][14]

Opposition to Thaksin Shinawatra

Pallop is critical of former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra. During protests against Thaksin in early 2006, Pallop said: "As a real friend and former classmate from military school, I fully support Chamlong (Srimuang) in his move [to oust Thaksin]".[4] He also threatened Thaksin with a military coup if Thaksin did not resign from the premiership.[15]

Assassination plot

Pallop was dismissed from his ISOC deputy-director position after Thawatchai Klinchana, his driver, was found driving a car containing 4.5 kg of explosives near Thaksin's residence. According to Metropolitan Police Bureau commissioner Wiroj Jantharangsee, the explosives were assembled, equipped with a remote sensor and ready to be detonated.[16] Kamthorn Ooycharoen, head of the police bomb-disposal squad at the scene, confirmed that the bomb was ready for detonation.[17] It was composed of a remote control unit, M-8 military fuses, sticks of TNT, C-4 plastic explosives, and nine plastic containers containing ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO).[6][17]

Pallop denied any involvement: "If had wanted to do it, I would have done it more subtly. In my career, I have led death squads. If I had wanted to kill him, the prime minister would not have escaped".'[18][19][20] According to him, "The explosives were being transported; they were not assembled to be detonated."[21]

A military coup overthrew the Thaksin government on 19 September 2006, and the junta appointed Pallop public-relations adviser to the ISOC in May 2007. He promised to use "secret tricks" and negotiation, avoiding violent clashes: "Don't see me as a man who favours violence".[22]

Support for Thaksin Shinawatra

Prior to the 2011 election Pallop eventually changed sides and joined the pro-Thaksin Pheu Thai Party as well as its associated activist group United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship (UDD, also known as the 'Red Shirts'). However a highly public falling out with the leaders of the UDD, over tactics in 2010, ended his role within the latter organisation.[23] He also served as an advisor to Thaksin's sister Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra.[24]

In 2012 Pallop as a security adviser to the prime minister, says he plans to bring former premier Thaksin Shinawatra back to Thailand that year. Pallop proposed the collecting of 20,000 signatures to submit an amnesty bill to parliament, as one way to bring Thaksin back if the national reconciliation proposal by the King Prajadhipok Institute does not result in an amnesty for the exiled politician. Pallop said the Pheu Thai Party promised an amnesty bill allowing Thaksin to come back, during the election campaign in Buri Ram last year, and the pledge must be fulfilled. Pallop was confident the bill would pass parliament. Pallop also divulged that he had met Thaksin in person and that he had agreed with the idea of the amnesty bill. The failure of the amnesty bill led to the 2013–2014 Thai political crisis.[25]

During the political crisis which began in October 2013, Pallop told the media in late February 2014 that he had been asked by the caretaker government (under Yingluck) to join the Centre for Maintaining Peace and Order (CMPO).[26] He was also recruited as a advisor to a new movement led by Suporn Attawong, Deputy secretary-general to the prime minister and red-shirt leader. Suporn planned to recruit 600,000 young men to join the new pro-government Democracy Protection Volunteers Group as an opposition to the People's Democratic Reform Committee.[27] According to an Australian academic, Pallop was recruited to advise on dealing with "men in black" gunmen at protests; the term originated during the 2010 crackdown on red-shirt supporters, when mysterious armed figures emerged.[28] Military sources have said that the "men in black" may be mercenaries.[29]

Pallop is opposed to the National Council for Peace and Order, the ruling junta since 2014.[30]

Personal life

Pallop is married to Khunying Naruedee Pinmanee,[31] and has a son and two daughters.[3]

Military rank

References
  1. http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2539/B/009/15.PDF
  2. https://www.thairath.co.th/person/4025
  3. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-08-03. Retrieved 2018-08-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. Sutin Wannabovorn, "Thai Ruling Party Lawmakers Sour on Thaksin", 21 February 2006
  5. New York Times, Thai Security Chief Vows a Tough Stand Against Muslim Separatists, 27 May 2007
  6. Bangkok Post, "A controversial figure", 25 August 2006
  7. Bangkok Post, "General urges two-pronged attack", 15 January 2006
  8. The Nation, "Shattered by horrific events", 29 April 2006 Archived January 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  9. The Nation, "Southern Carnage: Kingdom Shaken", 29 April 2004 Archived January 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  10. Asian Centre for Human Rights, "Killings At Pattani's Krue Se Mosque And A Cover Up Enquiry"
  11. Wassana Nanuam, "Panlop to face trial for the storming of Krue Se mosque"
  12. Wassana Nanuam, "Security conflicts erupt in open"
  13. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.855.1452&rep=rep1&type=pdf
  14. https://facthaibackup.wordpress.com/2009/04/29/nonviolence-needed-in-patani-the-nation/
  15. "Military Coup in the offing". Newsgroup: soc.culture.thai. 27 Feb 2006. Usenet: [email protected]. Bangkok Post, "Panlop: Military coup possible", 27 February 2006
  16. The Nation, 'Bomb plot to kill Thaksin foiled', questions linger, 15 August 2006 Archived 4 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  17. "The Nation, "Explosives 'live and ready for detonation'", 26 August 2006". Archived from the original on 2012-02-10. Retrieved 2006-08-25.
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-11-05. Retrieved 2011-11-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) The Nation, 'If I was behind it, PM would be dead', 25 August 2006, Retrieved 25 August 2006
  19. Bangkok Post, "Thaksin escapes bomb, fires Gen Pallop", 25 August 2006
  20. The Nation, "Army officer arrested in alleged car bomb attempt is Pallop's driver: police", 25 August 2006 Archived 29 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. The Nation, "'If I was behind it, PM would be dead'", 25 August 2006 Archived 5 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  22. Wassana Nanuam (12 May 2007). "Pallop plans to first tackle rallies in city". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  23. THE NATION (24 May 2014). "Panlop quits red shirts". Asia One. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  24. THE NATION/ASIA NEWS NETWORK (6 February 2010). "Thai coup: Retired senior police officers summoned". Asia One. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  25. "Panlop unveils plan for Thaksin return". Bangkok Post. 22 March 2012. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  26. Joshua Kurlantzick (26 February 2014). "Get Ready for a Bloody End Game in Thailand". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  27. Wassana Nanuam; Prasit Tangprasert; Chakhapan Natunri (27 February 2014). "Red shirt hardliner seeks 600,000 men". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  28. Gavan Butler (25 February 2014). "Neros fiddle while Thailand's slow burn threatens to flare". The Conversation Australia. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  29. Wassana Nanuam; Achara Ashayagachat; Subin Khuenkaew (16 February 2014). "Here come the men in black, again". Bangkok Post. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  30. "Retired generals deny involvement in bombing of Bangkok hospital". The Nation. 27 May 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  31. Bangkok Post, General urges two-pronged attack, 15 January 2006
  32. http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2538/B/008/6_1.PDF

Further reading
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