Parua Bay

Parua Bay is a locality and bay on the northern side of the Whangarei Harbour in Northland, New Zealand. Whangarei is 19 km to the west, and Whangarei Heads are 10 km to the south east, with Munro Bay between the two. The western head is called Manganese Point, and the eastern is Reserve Point. The Nook is a small bay just to the north of Reserve Point.[1][2]

Parua Bay
Parua Bay
Coordinates: 35°46′12″S 174°27′33″E
CountryNew Zealand
RegionNorthland Region
DistrictWhangarei District
Population
 (2018)
 • Total2,460
Parua Bay wharf

The bay is sheltered and about 4 km wide, with about one kilometer between the headlands. The central bay has deep water, but there are wide intertidal zones around the coast. Motukiore Island is just inside Manganese Point and joined to it by a causeway at low tide, although the only practical access is by water. The contours of a defensive pā on the island are still clearly visible.[3]

Solomon's Point divides the bay into two. The point is named after the Māori chief Horomona-Kaikou.[3]

History

Raro-ngaua was a pā on the eastern side of the Parua Bay entrance in the early 19th century. In 1821 or 1822, this pā was attacked by a group of Ngāti Paoa and Waikato warriors, as part of the Musket Wars.[4]

In 1838, Thomas Stewart Scott and two partners bought land on the western side of the bay and set up a shipbuilding yard. The Governor Fitzroy, a schooner of about 43 feet (13 m), was one of the ships built here. Manganese ore lay in lumps on the point to the south of the shipyard, then known as Te Waro but now called Manganese Point. The ore was sold in 1844.[5] In 1849, a hydrographic survey was made of Whangarei Harbour by Captain Lort Stokes in the paddle-steamer HMS Acheron. He named Parua Bay "Bad Maori Bay" and Manganese Point "Annoyance Point".[6]

By the mid-1850s, there were four European families living in a small settlement on the western side of the bay.[7] The Government purchased 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) at Parua Bay in 1858, and the land was subsequently settled by people mostly under the "Forty Acre Scheme" which gave a parcel of 40 acres (16 ha) to any settler older than 18 years, subject to a few conditions.[8]

An Irish surveyor called James Irwin Wilson settled in the Nook in 1858, and fell in love with Joanna Munro, the daughter of a Nova Scotian settler from Munro Bay. Her father, John Munro, was unhappy that Wilson had bought land that he wanted, and opposed their union. The pair tried to elope but were caught. A second elopement was successful and they married in Auckland. John Munro eventually accepted the marriage, and one of James' brothers later married Joanna's sister.[3][9]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20061,926—    
20132,013+0.63%
20182,460+4.09%
Source: [10]

The statistical area of Parua Bay, which at 39 square kilometres is larger than the locality, had a population of 2,460 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 447 people (22.2%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 534 people (27.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 918 households. There were 1,221 males and 1,239 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.99 males per female. Of the total population, 471 people (19.1%) were aged up to 15 years, 231 (9.4%) were 15 to 29, 1,152 (46.8%) were 30 to 64, and 606 (24.6%) were 65 or older. Figures may not add up to the total due to rounding.

Ethnicities were 90.4% European/Pākehā, 15.1% Māori, 2.0% Pacific peoples, 2.6% Asian, and 1.7% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 25.0, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people objected to giving their religion, 59.5% had no religion, 29.6% were Christian, and 3.5% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 510 (25.6%) people had a bachelor or higher degree, and 294 (14.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $35,900. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 894 (44.9%) people were employed full-time, 300 (15.1%) were part-time, and 63 (3.2%) were unemployed.[10]

Education

Parua Bay School is a coeducational full primary (years 1-8) school with a roll of 316 students as of March 2020.[11][12]

Notes
  1. Peter Dowling (editor) (2004). Reed New Zealand Atlas. Reed Books. pp. map 8. ISBN 0-7900-0952-8.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  2. Roger Smith, GeographX (2005). The Geographic Atlas of New Zealand. Robbie Burton. pp. map 28. ISBN 1-877333-20-4.
  3. Parkes, W. F. (1992). Guide to Whangarei City and District. pp. 28–30. ISBN 0-473-01639-7.
  4. Pickmere, Nancy Preece (1986). Whangarei: The Founding Years. p. 4.
  5. Pickmere, pp 25-26
  6. Pickmere, pp 119-120
  7. Pickmere, p 50
  8. Pickmere, pp 68-9, 78
  9. Pickmere, p 78
  10. "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Parua Bay (108500). 2018 Census place summary: Parua Bay
  11. "New Zealand Schools Directory". New Zealand Ministry of Education. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
  12. Education Counts: Parua Bay School
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