Peanut mottle virus

Peanut mottle virus (PeMoV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. As with other members of this virus family, PeMoV is a flexuous filamentous virus with particles 740-750 nm long. It is transmitted by several species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation. It was first given its name in 1965 when it was isolated from peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) in Georgia, USA. This virus was found to be seed transmitted in this host.[1]

Peanut mottle virus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Stelpaviricetes
Order: Patatavirales
Family: Potyviridae
Genus: Potyvirus
Species:
Peanut mottle virus
Synonyms

Peanut green mosaic virus
Peanut chlorotic mottle virus
Peanut mild mosaic virus
Groundnut mottle virus

Host species

Besides peanuts, this virus is known to infect soybeans (Glycine max), French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peas (Pisum sativum), and various weed species of Cassia. Since 1964 it has been identified in East Arica and north-east Australia (in bean) and possible Venezuela, Japan, Malaysia and Bulgaria.[2] Given the fact that PeMoV is seed transmissible in peanut, the virus could occur anywhere peanuts are grown. In the United States, for example, a survey done in 1975 found the virus in all states where peanuts were grown.[3]

Symptoms

The symptoms of this virus in peanuts appear as irregular dark islands on young leaves. The symptoms are not as clear on older leaves[4][5] and thus can be easily missed even when the virus is in epidemic proportions in the field.

In infected plant cells, the virus makes characteristic potyvirus cylindrical inclusions.[6] that are visible in the light microscope with proper staining.[7]

Disease control

An interesting study of the spread of this virus in Georgia showed that the virus moved from infected peanut plants to nearby soybean fields and was only present in soybeans in areas where peanuts were also grown.[8] Thus, the recommended approach to control this virus in peanuts and other susceptible hosts such as soybean is the planting of PeMoV-free seed.

In 2007 PeMoV was reported for the first time to infect Rhizoma peanuts (A. glabrata) in Georgia.[9] This plant is propagated by cuttings and is a perennial crop. To avoid spread, growers of this perennial plant will have to maintain virus free stock and destroy infected fields. If this virus spreads in perennial peanuts in the Southern USA, this plant could become a reservoir of the virus and increase its spread to field peanut and soybean via aphid transmission. ( See Peanut stunt virus for a similar scenario)

References
  1. Kuhn, C.W. (1965) Symptomalogy, Host Range, and Effect on Yield of a Seed-Transmitted Peanut Virus.Phytopathology 55:880-884.
  2. Antoniw, John. "Show DPV and Refs in Frame". www.dpvweb.net. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  3. Demski, J. W., Smith, D.H., and Kuhn, C.W. (1975) Incidence and Distribution of Peanut Mottle Virus in Peanut in the United States. Peanut Science 2:91-93.
  4. "Peanut Mottle | agropedia". agropedia.iitk.ac.in. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  5. "Peanut Mottle". entoplp.okstate.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-21.
  6. http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Science/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Peanut-Mot
  7. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-13. Retrieved 2017-12-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. Demski, J.W. (1975) Source and Spread of Peanut Mottle Virus in Soybean and Peanut. Phytopathology 65:917-920
  9. Nischwitz, C., Maas, A.L., Mullis. S.W., Culbreath, A.K. and Gitaitis, R.D. (2007) First Report of Peanut mottle virus in Forage Peanuts (Arachis glabrata) in North America, Plant Disease 91:632. http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0632A
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