Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza

Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza (Portuguese: Pedro Henrique Afonso Felipe Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga de Orléans e Bragança; 13 September 1909 – 5 July 1981), was a great-grandson of the last emperor of Brazil, Pedro II, and one of two claimants to the abolished throne.

Pedro Henrique
Pedro Henrique in 1951
Head of the Imperial House of Brazil (disputed)
Tenure14 November 1921 – 5 July 1981
PredecessorIsabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
SuccessorPrince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza
Born(1909-09-13)13 September 1909
Boulogne-Billancourt, French Third Republic
Died5 July 1981(1981-07-05) (aged 71)
Vassouras, Brazil
Spouse
IssueLuiz
Eudes
Bertrand
Isabel
Pedro
Fernando
Antônio
Eleanora
Francisco
Alberto
Maria Teresa
Maria Gabriela
Full name
Pedro Henrique Afonso Felipe Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga
HouseOrléans-Braganza
FatherPrince Luís of Orléans-Braganza
MotherPrincess Maria di Grazia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies

Early life in Europe

He was born in 1909 in France at Boulogne-sur-Seine during the exile of the Brazilian imperial family, which had been deposed in 1889.[1] His father, Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, was the second son of the heir to the defunct Brazilian throne, the Princess Imperial Isabel, and Prince Gaston, Count of Eu. His mother was Princess Maria Pia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.[2] The year before Pedro Henrique's birth, she recognized his father, Luiz, as the heir to the succession when Luiz's elder brother, Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, renounced his claim to the throne on behalf of himself and his descendants.[3][4]

Thus, at birth Pedro Henrique became claimant to the title of Prince of Grão-Pará, according to Article 105 of the defunct Constitution of 1824. He was baptized in the chapel of the Château d'Eu with the waters of the fountain taken from Largo da Carioca, in Rio de Janeiro. His godparents were his paternal grandmother, Princess Isabel of Brazil, and maternal grandfather Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta, Head of the royal house of the Two Sicilies. He and his family lived between the Eu castle and a palace in Boulogne-sur-Seine, both belonging to the Imperial Family. He was raised primarily by his paternal grandmother, and numerous preceptors educated him as future emperor of Brazil.[5]

In 1920, his father died in Cannes of injuries acquired in the trenches of the First World War. In the same year Brazil's banishment of the Orléans-Braganzas was revoked by the then President Epitácio Pessoa. Pedro Henrique accompanied Count d'Eu when he led part of the Imperial Family back to Brazil, without the aged and infirm Princess Isabel. Grandfather and grandson soon returned to Europe.[6]

Upon the death of his father in 1920 Pedro Henrique became claimant to the title of Prince Imperial, but on 14 November 1921 Princess Isabel died at the Castle d'Eu. So, at age of 12 Prince Pedro Henrique became the head of the imperial family.[7] Had he became emperor, his imperial name would be Dom Pedro III.[8]

He continued living in France with his mother, Princess Maria Pia, where she thought he could get a better education with his siblings Luiz Gastão and Pia Maria. Pedro Henrique was educated at the Ecôle des Sciences Politiques in Paris.[1] He was described by his grandmother as "a very intelligent child".[9]

In 1925, at the age of 16, the Brazilian government ruled against his request to serve in the military.[10]

Life in Brazil

Pedro de Alcântara died in 1940.[11]

Pedro Henrique was only able to return to Brazil in 1945, when the Second World War ended. He settled first in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, in the palace of the Grão-Pará, and then in the neighborhood of Retiro, also in Petrópolis. His cousin, Prince Pedro Gastão of Orléans-Braganza, the eldest son of Pedro de Alcântara, Prince of Grão-Pará, challenged Pedro Henrique's claim to the succession in 1946,[1] on the basis that his father's renunciation had no legal force.

In 1951, D. Pedro Henrique bought a farm, Fazenda Santa Maria, in the town of Jacarezinho, interior of Paraná. In 1965, he returned to Rio de Janeiro, settling in Vassouras, an important city in the days of Empire for coffee production. Pedro Henrique resided at a site called Santa Maria until the end of his life.[12] He was active in the monarchist movement.[1]

On his death in 1981, Pedro Henrique's claim to the throne passed to his eldest son, Luiz.

Titles and honors
Styles of
Prince Pedro Henrique
Reference styleHis Imperial and Royal Highness
Spoken styleYour Imperial and Royal Highness

Titles
  • 13 September 1909 - 26 March 1920: His Imperial and Royal Highness the Prince of Grão-Pará
  • 26 March 1920 - 14 November 1921: His Imperial and Royal Highness the Prince Imperial of Brazil
  • 14 November 1921 - 5 July 1981 His Imperial and Royal Highness Prince Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza[13]

Marriage and children

Pedro Henrique married Princess Maria Elisabeth of Bavaria at Nymphenburg Palace, Bavaria, on 19 August 1937.[14] They had twelve children:[7]

  • Prince Luiz of Orléans-Braganza (born 6 June 1938 in Mandelieu-la-Napoule). Unmarried and without issue.
  • Prince Eudes of Orléans-Braganza (8 June 1939 in Mandelieu-la-Napoule - 13 August 2020 in Rio de Janeiro[15]), renounced Imperial succession rights for himself and his descendants on 3 June 1966 and married, firstly, on 14 May 1967 in São Paulo, Ana Maria de Cerqueira César Moraes de Barros (born 20 November 1945 in São Paulo), from whom he was divorced in 1976, having had two children.[16][7] He remarried on 26 March 1976 in Rio de Janeiro, Mercedes Willemsens Neves da Rocha (born 26 January 1955 in Petrópolis), with whom he had more children.
  • Bertrand of Orléans-Braganza (born 2 February 1941 in Mandelieu-la-Napoule). Unmarried and without issue.
  • Isabel Maria Josefa Henriqueta Francisca of Orléans-Braganza (4 April 1944 in La Bourboule – 5 November 2017 in Rio de Janeiro).
  • Pedro de Alcántara Henrique Maria Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 1 December 1945 in Petrópolis), renounced Imperial succession rights for himself and his descendants on 28 December 1972 and married on 4 July 1974 in Rio de Janeiro, Maria de Fátima Baptista de Oliveira Rocha (born 14 July 1952 in Rio de Janeiro), with whom he had children.[17][7]
  • Fernando Diniz Maria José Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 2 February 1948 in Petrópolis), renounced Imperial succession rights for himself and his descendants on 24 February 1975 and married 19 March 1975 in Rio de Janeiro, Maria de Graça de Siqueira Carvalho Baere de Araújo (born 27 June 1952 in Rio de Janeiro), with whom he had children.[17][7]
  • Prince Antônio of Orléans-Braganza (born 24 June 1950 in Rio de Janeiro).
  • Princess Eleonora Maria Josefa Rosa Filipa Miguela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 20 May 1953 in Jacarezinho).
  • Francisco Maria José Rasso Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 6 April 1955 in Jacarezinho), renounced Imperial succession rights for himself and his descendants on 11 December 1980 and married on 28 December 1980 in Rio de Janeiro, Cláudia Regina Lisboa Martins Godinho (born 11 July 1954 in Rio de Janeiro), with whom he had children.[18]
  • Alberto Maria José João Miguel Gabriel Rafael Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 23 June 1957 in Jundiaí do Sul), renounced Imperial succession rights for himself and his descendants on 22 December 1982 and married on 11 January 1983 in Rio de Janeiro, Maritza Bulcão Ribas Bockel (born 29 April 1961 in Rio de Janeiro), with whom he had children.[18]
  • Maria Teresa Aldegunda Luiza Josefa Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 14 July 1959 in Jundiaí do Sul).
  • Maria Gabriela Dorotéa Isabel Josefa Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga of Orléans-Braganza (born 14 July 1959 in Jundiaí do Sul).

Ancestry

Notes
  1. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, p. 43.
  2. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, pp. 43, 50–51.
  3. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, pp. 43, 50.
  4. Barman 2002, p. 227.
  5. SANTOS (2006: 61)
  6. SANTOS (2006: 56–58).
  7. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, p. 51.
  8. ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, Pia Maria (1990: 8)
  9. Barman 2002, p. 228.
  10. SANTOS (2006: 64).
  11. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, p. 50.
  12. SANTOS (2006: 109).
  13. BARMAN, Roderick J., Princesa Isabel do Brasil: gênero e poder no século XIX, UNESP, 2005
  14. Montgomery-Massingberd 1977, pp. 43, 51.
  15. "Eudes de Orleans e Bragança morre no Rio, aos 81 anos". Por G1 Rio. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
  16. Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XIV 1991, p. 32-36.
  17. Genealogisches 1991, p. 32-36.
  18. Genealogisches Handbuch 1991, p. 32-36.

References
  • Barman, Roderick J. (2002). Princess Isabel of Brazil: gender and power in the nineteenth century. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources. ISBN 0-8420-2846-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh, ed. (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume 1: Europe & Latin America. London: Burke's Peerage. ISBN 0-85011-023-8.
  • "Haus Brasilien". Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Fürstliche Häuser XIV (in German). Limburg an der Lahn: C.A. Starke Verlag. 1991. ISBN 3-7980-0700-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • ORLEANS E BRAGANÇA, Pia Maria de. Minha Mãe, a Princesa Imperial Viúva. Rio de Janeiro: Edição da Autora, 1990. Tradução de José Ubaldino Motta do Amaral.
  • SANTOS, Armando Alexandre dos. Dom Pedro Henrique, o Condestável das Saudades e da Esperança. São Paulo: Artpress, 2006
Pedro Henrique of Orléans-Braganza
Cadet branch of the House of Orléans
Born: 13 September 1909 Died: 5 July 1981
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Princess Isabel		 — TITULAR —
Emperor of Brazil
One of two pretenders to the Brazilian throne
14 November 1921 – 5 July 1981
Reason for succession failure:
Empire abolished in 1889		 Succeeded by
Prince Luiz
Preceded by
Isabel		 Head of the Imperial House of Brazil
(disputed)
14 November 1921 – 5 July 1981		 Succeeded by
Luiz
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