People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia

The Movement for a Democratic Slovakia (Slovak: Hnutie za demokratické Slovensko, HZDS) was a populist political party in Slovakia.

Not to be confused with People's Party Our Slovakia.
Movement for a Democratic Slovakia

Hnutie za demokratické Slovensko
LeaderVladimír Mečiar
Founded27 April 1991
Dissolved11 January 2014
Split fromPublic Against Violence
HeadquartersBratislava, Slovakia
IdeologyCatch-all party
National conservatism
Social conservatism
Populism
Souverainism
Authoritarianism
Political positionBig tent[1][2][3][4]
European affiliationEuropean Democratic Party
International affiliationNone (member of the Alliance of Democrats)[5]
European Parliament groupAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2009-2014)
Colours      White, Blue, Red
Anthem
"Vivat Slovakia"
Former headquarters of the ĽS-HZDS political party at Tomášikova Street 32/A in Bratislava

Founded in 1991, its leader is Vladimír Mečiar, who, as Prime Minister, led Slovakia through the Velvet Divorce. The party has been a member of the Slovak government three times: twice as the leading partner with Mečiar as Prime Minister (1992–94, 1994–98) and from 2006 - 2010 as the junior partner under Robert Fico of Direction – Social Democracy, and was the largest party from 1991 to 2006.

Founded in opposition to privatisation, the party's ideology has shifted repeatedly,[6] with the only constants being Mečiar's leadership and a populism that alienated it from other parties in Slovakia and abroad. To overcome its previous reputation as a 'pariah',[7] the party has touted its support of European integration.[8] It was a member of the integrationist European Democratic Party, despite not sharing the liberal ideology of that organisation.

The party was dissolved after it failed to secure any seats in the National Council in the 2012 election, having lost them in the 2010 election.

History

Velvet Revolution

The party was created as a Slovak nationalist faction of Public Against Violence (VPN), from which it seceded at an extraordinary VPN congress on 27 April 1991.[9] Called 'Movement for a Democratic Slovakia' (HZDS), it was led by Vladimír Mečiar, who had been deposed as Slovak Prime Minister a month earlier, and composed mostly of the VPN's cabinet members. The HZDS claimed to represent Slovak national interest, and demanded a more decentralised Czechoslovak confederation. On 7 May 1992, the HZDS voted for a declaration of independence, but this was defeated 73-57.[10]

At the first election in which it took part, on 5–6 June, the HZDS won an overwhelming victory, with 74 seats on the National Council: two short of an absolute majority. Mečiar was appointed Prime Minister on 24 June. Whereas the HZDS wanted a confederation, the Czech elections on the same day were won by Civic Democratic Party, which preferred a tighter federation. Recognising that these positions were irreconcilable, the National Council voted for Slovakia's Declaration of Independence by 113 votes to 24,[11] and Mečiar concluded formal negotiations over the dissolution of Czechoslovakia.

Dominant party

The party adopted a populist left-wing position economically,[12] and sought to slow the post-Soviet privatisation and liberalisation.[13]

In the first elections after independence, in late 1994, the HZDS retained its dominant position, winning 58 seats (the Peasant's Party of Slovakia won a further 3 on its list).[14]

Decline in opposition

Originally designating itself as a centre-left party, the party moved towards the mainstream right and, in March 2000, renamed itself the 'People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia' (ĽS-HZDS) to try to achieve membership of the European People's Party (EPP).[7] However, lingering memories of former anti-Europeanism, conflicting rhetoric,[7] and the presence of three Slovak parties already in the EPP prevented this.[8] The ĽS-HZDS then looked to the Euro-integrationist European Democratic Party,[8] which it joined in 2009.

The build-up to the 2002 election saw Mečiar exclude a number of prominent members from the party's list of candidates. Several of the excluded members, led by Ivan Gašparovič, split from the party and founded the similarly titled Movement for Democracy (HZD). The new party won 3.3% of the vote, eating significantly into the ĽS-HZDS's position, and contributing to it winning only 36 seats. By 2006, further divisions and splits had reduced it to only 21 MPs.

Back in government

In the parliamentary election of 17 June 2006, the party won 8.8% of the popular vote and 15 out of 150 seats.

Two ĽS-HZDS ministers were sworn in with the Robert Fico government on July 4, 2006:

  • Štefan Harabin (deputy prime minister; minister of justice);
  • Miroslav Jureňa (minister of agriculture).

In the 2010 election the party lost all its seats, after its share of the vote halved to below the 5% threshold for entering parliament.

Election results

National Council

European Parliament
Year Vote Vote % Seats Place
2004 119,582 17.04
3 / 14
 2nd
2009 74,241 8.97
1 / 13
 5th

See also

Footnotes
  1. JARJABEK, DUŠAN. "Pre HZDS by bolo dobré, aby sa spojilo so Smerom | noveslovo.sk". www.noveslovo.sk. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  2. "HZDS a Smer? Maxon vraví áno, Kovarčík nie | Slovensko | HNonline.sk - Správy z politiky, ekonomiky a financií". HN Online (in Slovak). Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  3. "Ve slovenských volbách překvapil propad Mečiara a zisk Dzurindy". Euroskop (in Czech). Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  4. "Fico čelí před volbami skandálu. Jeho strana prý proprala 75 milionů". iDNES.cz. 10 June 2010. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
  5. Not an actual political international but a loose parties' partnership
  6. Haughton, Tim (July 2001). "HZDS: The Ideology, Organisation and Support Base of Slovakia's Most Successful Party". Europe-Asia Studies. 53 (5): 745–69. doi:10.1080/09668130120060251.
  7. Szczerbiak et al (2008), p. 285
  8. Henderson (2009), p. 4
  9. Archleb Gály (2006), p. 534
  10. Bartl (2002), p. 171
  11. Bartl (2002), p. 173
  12. Whitefield, Stephen; Evans, Geoffrey (1999). "Political Culture Versus Rational Choice: Explaining Responses to Transition in the Czech Republic and Slovakia". British Journal of Political Science. 29 (1): 129–154. doi:10.1017/S000712349900006X.
  13. Elster, Jon; Offe, Claus; Preuss, Ulrich Klaus (1998). Institutional Design in Post-Communist Societies: Rebuilding the ship at sea. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-521-47931-8.
  14. Krause, Kevin (1996). "Dimensions of Party Competition in Slovakia". Sociológia - Slovak Sociological Review. 1 (2): 169–86.

References
  • Archleb Gály, Tamara (2006). The Encyclopaedia of Slovakia and the Slovaks: a concise encyclopaedia. Bratislava: Encyclopaedic Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. ISBN 978-80-224-0925-4.
  • Bartl, Július (2002). Slovak History: Chronology & Lexicon. Chicago: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. ISBN 978-0-86516-444-4.
  • Henderson, Karen (11 September 2009). "The European Parliament election in Slovakia, 6 June 2009" (PDF). European Parties Elections and Referendums Network.
  • Szczerbiak, Aleks; Taggart, Paul A. (2008). Opposing Europe?: The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism Volume 1: Case Studies and Country Surveys. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-19-925830-7.
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