Periorbital dark circles

Periorbital dark circles are dark blemishes around the eyes. There are many causes of this symptom, including heredity and bruising.[1]

"Dark circle" redirects here. For other uses, see Dark circle (disambiguation).
Periorbital dark circles
Other namesDark circles, infraorbital venous stasis, periorbital hyperpigmentation
Minor dark circles and a hint of periorbital puffiness—a combination principally suggestive of minor sleep deprivation.
SpecialtySleep medicine

Causes

Allergies, asthma, and eczema

Any condition that causes the eyes to itch can contribute to darker circles due to rubbing or scratching the skin around them. Hay fever sufferers in particular will notice under-eye "smudges" during the height of the allergy season. Also, dark circles from allergies are caused by superficial venous congestion[2] in the capillaries under eyes.

Medications

Any medications that cause blood vessels to dilate can cause circles under the eyes to darken. The skin under the eyes is very delicate, any increased blood flow shows through the skin.

Anemia

The lack of nutrients in the diet, or the lack of a balanced diet, can contribute to the discoloration of the area under the eyes. It is believed that iron deficiency can cause dark circles as well. Iron deficiency is the most common type of anemia and this condition is a sign that not enough oxygen is getting to the body tissues.

The skin can also become more pale during pregnancy and menstruation (due to lack of iron), allowing the underlying veins under the eyes to become more visible.

Fatigue

A lack of sleep and mental fatigue can cause paleness of the skin, allowing the blood underneath the skin to become more visible and appear more blue or darker.[3]

Age

Dark circles are likely to become more noticeable and permanent with age. This is because as people get older, their skin loses collagen, becoming thinner and more translucent. Circles may also gradually begin to appear darker in one eye than the other as a result of some habitual facial expressions, such as an uneven smile.

Sun exposure

Prompts your body to produce more melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color.[4]

Periorbital hyperpigmentation
Main article: Periorbital hyperpigmentation

Periorbital hyperpigmentation is the official name for when there is more melanin produced around the eyes than is usual, giving them a darker color.[5]

Treatment

At one time, hydroquinone solution was often mixed in an oil-free moisturizer that acted like a skin bleach. However the use of hydroquinone for skin whitening has been banned in European countries due to health concerns. In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its approval of hydroquinone for over the counter preparations warning that it may cause cancer or have many other detrimental effects.

The use of hydroquinone skin-whitening products can be toxic, harmful or lethal for humans.

Modern treatments include topical creams that are marketed for the condition. Various ingredients have been researched, developed and included in these creams. For example, recently, chemical compounds called alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) have been added as a beneficial ingredient to creams for dark circles.[6] Specialist treatments including laser and intense pulsed light skin surgery can also be used.[7] A compounding cream of Pfaffia paniculata, Ptychopetalum olacoides and Lilium candidum has also been reported as an effective treatments. Low-level laser therapy, autologous fat transplantation and hyaluronic acid fillers are also alternative treatment options.[8]

In addition, many skin care ingredients can help in the form of eye creams. Caffeine is a potent vasoconstrictor that has been proven to improve the look of dark circles[9] by constricting, or tightening, the dilated vessels under eyes. Vitamin C can help brighten hyperpigmentation as well as thicken the dermal layer of skin which conceals dark circles[10]

See also


References
  1. "What causes the dark circles that sometimes appear under my eyes?". Mayo Clinic Women's Healthsource. 7 (6): 8. 2003. PMID 12838159.
  2. Murdoch, Marshall (2016-11-02). "Dark circles in the periorbital region: diagnosis and treatment options". Journal of Aesthetic Nursing. 5 (9): 431–435. doi:10.12968/joan.2016.5.9.431. ISSN 2050-3717.
  3. "Dark Circles Under the Eyes". Medicine.net. Medicine.net. 2012-06-03. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  4. "Dark circles under eyes Causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
  5. Mac-Mary, Sophie; Zornoza Solinis, Itziar; Predine, Océane; Sainthillier, Jean-Marie; Sladen, Christelle; Bell, Mike; O’Mahony, Mark (2019-12-18). "Identification Of Three Key Factors Contributing To The Aetiology Of Dark Circles By Clinical And Instrumental Assessments Of The Infraorbital Region". Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. 12: 919–929. doi:10.2147/CCID.S217956. ISSN 1178-7015. PMC 6927230. PMID 31908515.
  6. "Alpha Hydroxy Acids". Retrieved 2016-06-29.
  7. "Undereye Circles". Retrieved 2016-06-29.
  8. Alsaad, SM; Mikhail, M (February 2013). "Periocular hyperpigmentation: a review of etiology and current treatment options". Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD. 12 (2): 154–7. PMID 23377386.
  9. Ohshima, Hiroshi; Mizukoshi, Koji; Oyobikawa, Midori; Matsumoto, Katsuo; Takiwaki, Hirotsugu; Kanto, Hiromi; Itoh, Masatoshi (2009). "Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids: quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram". Skin Research and Technology. 15 (2): 214–217. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00356.x. ISSN 1600-0846.
  10. Ohshima, Hiroshi; Mizukoshi, Koji; Oyobikawa, Midori; Matsumoto, Katsuo; Takiwaki, Hirotsugu; Kanto, Hiromi; Itoh, Masatoshi (2009). "Effects of vitamin C on dark circles of the lower eyelids: quantitative evaluation using image analysis and echogram". Skin Research and Technology. 15 (2): 214–217. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00356.x. ISSN 1600-0846.


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