Peter Brotherhood

Peter Brotherhood (1838–1902) was a British engineer. He invented the Brotherhood engine used for torpedoes as well as many other engineering products.

Container ship Emma Mærsk in Aarhus, September 5, 2006
fitted with Peter Brotherhood steam turbine and electrical generators

With his son he built a large engineering business in London bearing his name, Peter Brotherhood. His son Stanley moved the works to Peterborough in 1903 where their engineering business continued to grow.

On 30 October 2015 Hayward Tyler Group PLC completed the acquisition of the trade and assets of the Peter Brotherhood business from Dresser-Rand Company Ltd, a Siemens-owned company.

Family of engineers

Peter was the second son of the fourteen children of Rowland Brotherhood (1812-1883), a British engineer, and his wife Priscilla Penton. He was born in Maidenhead, Berkshire 22 April 1838 and raised in comfortable circumstances in Chippenham, Wiltshire near his father's engineering works. He spent the years when he was aged 13 to 18 studying applied science at King's College School. After practical experience including a period at the Great Western Railway works at Swindon he joined the leading marine engineering works, Maudslay, Son & Field in Lambeth in their drawing-office.[1]

He is said to have had a "mechanical instinct" which allowed him to design machinery without resorting to calculations or formulae. He also had a passion for experiment.[1]

Peter married Eliza Pinniger Hunt, daughter of James Edward Hunt a contractor to the Indian railways, on 19 April 1866 and they had five children but only Stanley (1880-1938) and two daughters outlived them. Peter died at his home 15 Hyde Park Gardens on 13 October 1902.[1]

Engineering firms
Coldharbour

Kittoe & Brotherhood

In 1867 before he had reached the age of 30 Peter became a partner in the engineers and millwrights business of Kittoe and Brotherhood in Clerkenwell when their main product was brewing machinery.[1] A restored Kittoe and Brotherhood beam engine of 1867 can be seen at the Coldharbour Mill museum in Devon - it was originally supplied to the Whitechapel Albion brewery.

Kittoe retired in 1871 and the firm became Peter Brotherhood.

Peter Brotherhood
Brotherhood radial engine

After Kittoe's retirement this firm mainly produced machines of Peter Brotherhood's own invention, in particular from 1872 the Brotherhood 3-cylinder 120 degrees radial engine which could be powered by steam, water or compressed air at high speed and in perfect balance. Put to many uses it drove the Navy's Whitehead torpedoes and was used in the torpedoes of other navies as well.[1] Fans, dynamos and other high speed machines were directly driven by this engine.[2]

In 1881 the business was moved to Belvedere Road, Lambeth.[1]

Generating set of MS Batory 1936
Products 1

The radial engine led not only to fans dynamos etc. but eventually to the manufacture of steam turbines, internal combustion engines and heavy oil and Diesel engines specially the Brotherhood-Ricardo high-speed heavy oil engine.[2]

Stanley Brotherhood

In 1903 Peter's only surviving son, Stanley (1880–1938), previously general manager for his father, moved the works from the Lambeth premises taken in 1881 to Peterborough where it continues as Peter Brotherhood Limited.[2]

Motor industry
Brotherhood 20-25 landaulette 1905
Peterbro tractor with a complicated but powerful paraffin engine designed by Ricardo

Peter Brotherhood Limited made cars in Lambeth then, unable to get consent for a car factory in Peterborough, moved their manufacture to Tinsley in Yorkshire before they withdrew from that venture in 1906. They continued to make heavy agricultural tractors. From late 1906 the cars were named Sheffield-Simplex.[3] Brotherhood's backer Fitzwilliam of Milton near Peterborough and Wentworth Woodhouse near Tinsley took over the car business naming it for Sheffield the nearby town and the operational simplicity of his very expensive cars.

Stanley Brotherhood was a director then chairman of Humber Limited until it merged with Hillman Motor Company and came under the control of Rootes Group in 1929.[4][5][6]

Peter Brotherhood Limited

A private limited liability company was incorporated to own the Peter Brotherhood business on 16 December 1907. In 1920 it joined the engineering combine Agricultural & General Engineers or AGE[7] however AGE sold its 70 per cent share of Peter Brotherhood in late 1930[8] before AGE collapsed in 1932.[9] On 29 June 1937 Peter Brotherhood became a public company[2] and was listed on the London Stock Exchange a few days later.[10]

Products 2

In June 1937 Peter Brotherhood's products included: high and low pressure compressors, compressors for torpedo service, torpedo tubes, Brotherhood high speed forced lubrication steam engines, steam turbines, turbo-generators, high speed diesel engines, oil and gas engines, refrigerating compressors, pumps, water cooling towers, filtering plants, fans, dynamometers, pressure gauge testing and other precision instruments.[2]

Before the company went public in 1937 contracts had been undertaken for more than 60 years for H M Government and numerous Dominion and foreign governments and many of the principal industrial, shipping, and utility enterprises in and beyond the United Kingdom including: London County Council, Metropolitan Water Board, Gas Light and Coke Co, Imperial Chemical Industries, Union Cold Storage, Burmah Oil, Anglo-Iranian Oil, LNER railway, LMS railway, P & O.[2]

Dresser Rand Company Ltd

In 2008, the business was sold to Dresser-Rand Company Ltd.

Hayward Tyler Group

On 30 October 2015 the Hayward Tyler Group PLC completed the acquisition of the trade and assets of the Peter Brotherhood business from Dresser-Rand Company Ltd, a Siemens-owned company. The Peter Brotherhood business continues manufacturing steam turbines, gas compressors, and combined heat and power solutions.

References
  1. McConnell, Anita (2004). "Brotherhood, Peter (1838–1902)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32098. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  2. Peter Brotherhood Limited. The Times, Monday, Jul 05, 1937; pg. 22; Issue 47728
  3. Motor-Cars At Olympia. The Times Friday, Nov 16, 1906; pg. 13; Issue 38179
  4. Humber (Limited). The Times, Friday, Dec 19, 1919; pg. 22; Issue 42287
  5. Humber, Limited. The Times, Thursday, Nov 29, 1928; pg. 22; Issue 45063
  6. Humber, Limited. The Times, Thursday, Dec 05, 1929; pg. 21; Issue 45378
  7. Analysis of financial position: Agricultural And General Engineers. The Times, Friday, Oct 26, 1928; pg. 25; Issue 45034
  8. Company Results, Agricultural & General Engineers. The Times, Wednesday, Dec 03, 1930; pg. 21; Issue 45686
  9. Agricultural & General Engineers Limited, An Engineering Company To Be Wound Up. The Times, Tuesday, Apr 26, 1932; pg. 5; Issue 46117
  10. Peter Brotherhood Issue Result. The Times, Friday, Jul 09, 1937; pg. 24; Issue 47732
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