Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein

Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) or priming in exocytosis protein 3 (PEP3) is a ubiquitous cytosolic domain involved in transport of phospholipids from their site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi to other cell membranes.[1][2]

Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, beta isoform
Identifiers
SymbolIP_trans
PfamPF02121
InterProIPR001666
SCOP21fvz / SCOPe / SUPFAM
OPM superfamily138
OPM protein2a1l
CDDcd07815

Biological function

PITP has been also shown to be an essential component of the polyphosphoinositide synthesis machinery and is hence required for proper signalling by epidermal growth factor and f-Met-Leu-Phe, as well as for exocytosis. The role of PITP in polyphosphoinositide synthesis may also explain its involvement in intracellular vesicular traffic.[1]

Structure and evolution

Along with the structurally unrelated Sec14p family (found in Pfam PF00650), this family can bind/exchange one molecule of phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) and thus aids their transfer between different membrane compartments. There are three sub-families - all share an N-terminal PITP-like domain, whose sequence is highly conserved. It is described as consisting of three regions. The N-terminal region is thought to bind the lipid and contains two helices and an eight-stranded, mostly antiparallel beta-sheet. An intervening loop region, which is thought to play a role in protein-protein interactions, separates this from the C-terminal region, which exhibits the greatest sequence variation and may be involved in membrane binding. This motif marks PITP as part of the larger SRPBCC (START/RHOalphaC/PITP/Bet v1/CoxG/CalC) domain superfamily.

PITP alpha (UniProt Q00169) has a 16-fold greater affinity for PI than PC. Together with PITP beta (UniProt P48739), it is expressed ubiquitously in all tissues.[3]

Human proteins

The family of human phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins has several members:

References
  1. Liscovitch M, Cantley LC (1995). "Signal transduction and membrane traffic: the PITP/phosphoinositide connection". Cell. 81 (5): 659–662. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90525-1. PMID 7774006.
  2. Hay JC, Martin TF (December 1993). "Phosphatidylinositol transfer protein required for ATP-dependent priming of Ca(2+)-activated secretion". Nature. 366 (6455): 572–5. Bibcode:1993Natur.366..572H. doi:10.1038/366572a0. PMID 8255295. S2CID 4348488.
  3. Hsuan J, Cockcroft S (2001). "The PITP family of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins". Genome Biol. 2 (9): REVIEWS3011. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-9-reviews3011. PMC 138965. PMID 11574064.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR001666


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