Polinices

Polinices is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Naticidae, commonly known as moon snails.[1][2]

Polinices
Temporal range: Paleocene to Recent
Polinices lacteus shell
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha
Superfamily:
Naticoidea
Family:
Naticidae
Subfamily:
Naticinae
Genus:
Polinices

Montfort, 1810
Type species
Polinices albus Montfort, 1810
Synonyms[1]
  • Albula Röding, 1798 (Invalid: junior homonym of Albula Osbeck, 1762 [Pisces])
  • Mamillaria Swainson, 1840
  • Mamma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Natica (Polinices) Montfort, 1810
  • Naticella Swainson, 1840
  • Naticina Guilding, 1834
  • Polynices Menke, 1830 (Spelling variation)
  • Uber Philippi, 1853
Polinices galianor from the Pliocene of San Diego County, California.
Polinices galianor umbilicus; Pliocene of San Diego County, California.

Species

Species within the genus Polinices include:

  • Polinices albumen (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Polinices alveatus (Troschel, 1852)
  • Polinices amiculatus (Philippi, 1849)
  • Polinices aperinus
  • Polinices aurantius (Röding, 1798)
  • Polinices bifasciatus (Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834)
  • Polinices candidissimus (Le Guillou, 1842)
  • † Polinices chattonensis (Marwick, 1924)
  • Polinices caprae (Philippi, 1852)
  • Polinices citrinus (Philippi, 1851)
  • Polinices cleistopsila Barnard, 1963
  • Polinices constanti Huelsken & Hollmann, 2012
  • Polinices cora (d'Orbigny, 1840)
  • Polinices cumingianus (Récluz, 1844)
  • Polinices dubius (Récluz, 1844)
  • Polinices effusus (Swainson, 1840)
  • † Polinices fallai (Fletcher, 1938)
  • Polinices flemingianus (Recluz, 1844)
  • Polinices grunerianus (Philippi, 1852)
  • Polinices hacketti Marincovich, 1975
  • Polinices hepaticus (Röding, 1798) - brown moonsnail
  • † Polinices huttoni Ihering, 1907
  • Polinices immaculatus (Totten, 1835)
  • Polinices intemeratus (Philippi, 1853)
  • † Polinices intracrassus Finlay, 1924
  • Polinices jukesii (Reeve, 1855)
  • Polinices lacteus (Guilding, 1834) - milk moonsnail
  • † Polinices laxus (Finlay, 1926)
  • Polinices leptaleus Watson, 1881
  • Polinices limi Pilsbry, 1931
  • † Polinices lobatus (Marwick, 1924)
  • † Polinices mackayi Marwick, 1931
  • Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Polinices mediopacificus Kosuge, 1979
  • Polinices mellosus (Hedley, 1924)
  • † Polinices mucronatus (Marwick, 1924)
  • † Polinices oneroaensis Powell & Bartrum, 1929
  • †Polinices otaioensis Marwick, 1960
  • Polinices otis Broderip & Sowerby, 1829
  • Polinices paciae Bozzetti, 1997
  • Polinices panamaensis (Récluz, 1844)
  • † Polinices parki Finlay & Marwick, 1937
  • Polinices parvulus Bozzetti, 2010
  • Polinices perspicuus (Récluz, 1850)
  • Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807)
  • Polinices politiana
  • Polinices powisianus (Récluz, 1844)
  • † Polinices propeovatus (Marwick, 1924)
  • Polinices psila (Watson, 1886)
  • Polinices putealis Garrard, 1961
  • Polinices sagamiensis Pilsbry, 1904
  • † Polinices sagenus Suter, 1917
  • Polinices tawhitirahia Powell, 1965
  • Polinices uber (Valenciennes, 1832)
  • Polinices uberinus (d'Orbigny, 1842) - dwarf white moonsnail, white moonsnail
  • † Polinices unisulcatus (Marwick, 1924)
  • Polinices vavaosi (Reeve, 1855)
  • Polinices vestitus Kuroda, 1961
  • † Polinices waipaensis (Marwick, 1924)
  • † Polinices waipipiensis (Marwick, 1924)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Polinices agujanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia agujana (Dall, 1908)
  • Polinices albus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Polinices alderi (Forbes, 1838): synonym of Euspira pulchella (Risso, 1826)
  • Polinices aulacoglossa Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909: synonym of Glossaulax aulacoglossa (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1909)
  • Polinices bahamensis (Dall, 1825): synonym of Sigatica semisulcata (Gray, 1839)
  • Polinices bathyraphe Pilsbry, 1911: synonym of Sigatica bathyraphe (Pilsbry, 1911)
  • Polinices columnaris (Récluz, 1850): synonym of Polinices peselephanti (Link, 1807)
  • Polinices didyma (Röding, 1798):[3] synonym of Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798)
  • Polinices draconis (Dall, 1903): synonym of Glossaulax draconis (Dall, 1903)
  • Polinices duplicatus (Say, 1822): synonym of Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822)
  • Polinices ephebus Hedley, 1915: synonym of Glossaulax epheba (Hedley, 1915)
  • Polinices fuscus (Blainville, 1825): synonym of Lunatia fusca (Blainville, 1825)
  • Polinices galapagosus (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Polinices otis (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
  • Polinices grossularia Marche-Marchad, 1957: synonym of Lunatia grossularia (Marche-Marchad, 1957)
  • Polinices guilleminii (Payraudeau, 1826): synonym of Euspira guilleminii (Payraudeau, 1826)
  • Polinices helicoides (Gray, 1825): synonym of Hypterita helicoides (Gray, 1825)
  • Polinices heros Say, 1822: synonym of Euspira heros (Say, 1822)
  • Polinices kurodai Iw. Taki, 1944: synonym of Mammilla kurodai (Iw. Taki, 1944)
  • Polinices lewisii': synonym of Euspira lewisii (Gould, 1847)[4]
  • Polinices litorinus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia litorina (Dall, 1908)
  • Polinices macilenta (Philippi, 1844): synonym of Lunatia macilenta (Philippi, 1844)
  • Polinices mamilla [sic]: synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Polinices melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Mammilla melanostoma (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Polinices nanus Möller, 1842: synonym of Pseudopolinices nanus (Möller, 1842)
  • Polinices nubilus (Dall, 1889): synonym of Payraudeautia nubila (Dall, 1889)
  • Polinices obtusa (Jeffreys, 1885): synonym of Neverita obtusa (Jeffreys, 1885)
  • Polinices pallidus: synonym of Lunatia pallida (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
  • Polinices pardoanus Dall, 1908: synonym of Lunatia pardoana (Dall, 1908)
  • Polinices pila Pilsbry, 1911: synonym of Lunatia pila (Pilsbry, 1911)
  • Polinices porcelanus (d'Orbigny, 1839): synonym of Polinices lacteus (Guilding, 1834)
  • Polinices priamus (Récluz, 1843): synonym of Mammilla priamus (Récluz, 1844)
  • Polinices pulchella (Risso, 1826): synonym of Euspira pulchella (Risso, 1826)
  • Polinices pyriformis (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Polinices mammilla (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Polinices rapulum (Reeve, 1855): synonym of Polinices intemeratus (Philippi, 1853)
  • Polinices ravidus (Souleyet, 1852): synonym of Polinices amiculatus (Philippi, 1849)
  • Polinices reclusianus (Deshayes, 1839): synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839)
  • Polinices recluzianus (Deshayes, 1839): synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839)
  • Polinices sandwichensis Dall, 1895: synonym of Natica sandwichensis (Dall, 1895)
  • Polinices sebae (Récluz, 1844): synonym of Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844)
  • Polinices simiae (Deshayes, 1838): synonym of Mammilla simiae (Deshayes, 1838)
  • Polinices subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885): synonym of Euspira subplicata (Jeffreys, 1885)
  • Polinices tawhitirahia Powell, 1965: synonym of Polinices mellosum (Hedley, 1924)
  • Polinices triseriata (Say, 1826): synonym of Lunatia triseriata (Say, 1826)
  • Polinices unimaculatus (Reeve, 1855): synonym of Polinices otis (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829)
  • Polinices yokoyamai Kuroda & Habe, 1952: synonym of Euspira yokoyamai (Kuroda & Habe, 1952)
  • Polinices zanzibarica Recluz, 1844: synonym of Mammilla sebae (Récluz, 1844)

References
  1. Bouchet, P. (2011). Polinices Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=147109 on 2011-04-17
  2. Huelsken, T., Tapken, D., Dahlmann, T., Wägele, H., Riginos, C., Hollmann, M. (2012). Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s.l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0111-5. ODE homepage
  3. Gofas, S. (2009). Polinices didyma (Röding, 1798). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through the World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=225263 on 2010-08-05
  4. WoRMS (2009). Euspira lewisii (Gould, 1847). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=246813 on 2010-08-05
  • "Polinices". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  • Powell A. W. B. (1979), New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand ISBN 0-00-216906-1
  • Spencer, H.; Marshall. B. (2009). All Mollusca except Opisthobranchia. In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
  • Torigoe K. & Inaba A. (2011) Revision on the classification of Recent Naticidae. Bulletin of the Nishinomiya Shell Museum 7: 133 + 15 pp., 4 pls.
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