Polyprosthecobacterium

Polyprosthecobacterium is a genus of bacteria from the family of Hyphomicrobiaceae with one known species (Polyprosthecobacterium yinchuanense).[1][2] Hyphomicrobiaceae includes 18 genera: Hyphomicrobium, Ancalomicrobium, Angulomicrobium, Aquabacter, Blastochloris, Cucumibacter, Devosia, Dichotomicrobium, Filomicrobium, Maritalea, Methylorhabdus, Pedomicrobium, Pelagibacterium, Prosthecomicrobium, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodoplanes, Seliberia, and Vasilyevaea.[3] Many of the organisms in this family are known for their prosthecae; filaments that bear small forming buds that grow at the end of a mother cell common in bacterium that exhibit budding.[4] Prosthecae species are also oligocarbophilic, meaning they are only able to thrive in low concentrations of carbon sources.[3]

Polyprosthecobacterium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Bacteria
Phylum:
Proteobacteria
Class:
Alpha Proteobacteria
Order:
Rhizobiales
Family:
Hyphomicrobiaceae
Genus:
Polyprosthecobacterium
Species

P. yinchuanense[1]

This bacterium has gram-negative type cell walls and can be found in a variety of environments including soils, groundwater, and in certain extreme environments. With only two known populous environments, Polyprosthecobacterium overall tend to grow in small percentages.[3]

History

The family Hyphomicrobiaceae, which consist of several gram-negative bacteria, was discovered due to the phylogenetic analysis of its 16S rRNA sequences.[3] Many of the members of this family have been found to reproduce by budding and are metabolically, phenotypically as well as ecologically diverse.[3] This diversity can be seen in the large array of environments these organisms are able to thrive in with species ranging from chemoheterotrophic, chemolithoautotrophic, methylotrophic as well as photosynthetic.[3]

Species

This genus contains one species:

Ecology

This genus of bacterium can be found in freshwater, soils, seawater, groundwater and in some cases hyper-saline or extreme hot environments; Polyprosthecobacterium also grow in low numbers and often form a small percentage of colony-forming cells among heterotrophs.[3]

Phenotypic Analysis

Polyprosthecobacterium, similar to many other members of the HyphomicrobiacaeI family, favoring aerobic growth but also capable of using nitrate as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration.[3] It has a gram-negative type cell-wall containing semirigid appendages, or prosthecae, which commonly form from prokaryotic cells and divide by asymmetric division rather than fission.[3]

References
  1. "Polyprosthecobacterium yinchuanense". www.uniprot.org.
  2. Falkiewicz-Dulik, Michalina; Janda, Katarzyna; Wypych, George (2015). Handbook of Material Biodegradation, Biodeterioration, and Biostablization. Elsevier. ISBN 9781927885024.
  3. Oren, Aharon; Xu, Xue-Wei (2014), Rosenberg, Eugene; DeLong, Edward F.; Lory, Stephen; Stackebrandt, Erko (eds.), "The Family Hyphomicrobiaceae", The Prokaryotes: Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 247–281, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-30197-1_257, ISBN 978-3-642-30197-1, retrieved 2020-09-28
  4. "Bacteria - Budding". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
  5. "Taxonomy browser (Polyprosthecobacterium yinchuanense)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-02.


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