Priory of Vrana

The Priory of Vrana (Latin: prioratus Auranae, Hungarian: vránai perjelség, Croatian: vranski priorat) was a monastery near Dalmatian town Vrana established as priory of Templars by the Hungarian king Béla II of Hungary at the beginning of 12th century. At the beginning of the 14th century the Hungarian perceptories of the Order of Hospitallers took over control of the monastery and established it as their priory.

Priory of Vrana
prioratus Auranae
Monastery information
OrderKnights Hospitaller
Establishedearly 12th century

History

Background

According to some sources it was established by Béla II of Hungary who established two priories, Priory of Bela and Priory of Vrana which was subordinated to the former.[1]

The Hungarian, and later Hungarian-Slavonian priory, was not autonomous langue. Until middle of 13th century and since first third of the 14th century the Italian grand prior was in charge for its affairs, although in many cases it was counted as one of the German "provinces".[2]

The head of priory was equal to the bishops in hierarchy of the order and entitled to permanent seat in the royal council and in the House of Lords.[3] The seat of the priory was in a short period in the Dalmatian town Vrana. After the town fell into Venetian hands in 1409, the priory had nothing to do with Vrana and all of its estates were limited to Hungarian territory.[4]

Templar monastery

Vrana monastery was the most important possession of Templars in the whole region.[1] The templars improved defence of the monastery by improving its existing fortifications.[1] They expanded its possessions in Dalmatia and Croatia.[1]

Since middle of the 13th century the Hungarian priories of the Knights Hospitalers suffered many blows to their strength. The severe blow to their strength was anarchy in period at the turn of 13th and 14th century. After the Chinon Parchment in 1308 and Vox in excelso in 1312 the houses and other property of Templars were transferred to the Knight Hospitalers, including the Priory of Vrana, which gained a predominant role among Hungarian priories.[2]

Under control of Hungarian Knights Hospitalers

After taking the priory of Vrana from Templars, the Hungarian perceptories of the Order of Hospitallers established it as their priory.[5]

Around 1380, when the Western Schism began, Hungarian king Louis I of Hungary appointed Croatian knight John of Palisna, as prior of Vrana. Since this appointment the King of Hungary appointed all succeeding priors of Vrana.[4] Palisna bear the title of the "Hungarian-Slavonian prior" since 1379 although he was officially appointed as prior only in 1382.[6]

The Order of Knights Hospitaller was among the major landowners in the Kingdom of Hungary.[4] On the account of the income from estates given to the priory, the prior was obliged to participate and support the Hungarian king in wars.[4] John of Palisna has participated in the Battle of Kosovo in 1389.[7]

During the 15th century all priories of Vrana were Hungarian noblemen, not knights but secular persons, appointed for a lifetime.[4] At the end of 15th century the priory collected taxes from more than 2,400 households in the territory of Csurgo, Karaševo, Božjakovina, Pakrac, Čaklovac, Lešnik, Rasošja, Trnava, Dubica, Gradačac and many other.[8]

Under the Ottoman control

The heart of 1596 plans for the uprising in the eastern Adriatic region was Francesco Antonio Bertucci.[9] According to some suggestions, the main reason for his anti-Ottoman activities were his plans to recapture the Priory of Vrana from the Ottomans.[9] According to Bertucci's plan, the rebels (including Uskoks) would first capture Klis, Herceg Novi and Scutari from the Ottomans.[10] That would trigger a large Ottoman naval expedition on the Adriatic northwards and draw the Venetians, who otherwise refused to join the crusade, to join the alliance against the Ottomans.[9] This plan started with the Battle of Klis in 1596 which ended with brief capture and looting of the Klis and priory.

List of priors and other officials

Twelfth–thirteenth century
Term Incumbent Monarch Notes Source
1186–1193 Martin Béla III "preceptor", "prior" [11]
1208 unknown Andrew II "prior"; mentioned without name
1216 B. "procurator"
1216 Pethe "magister"
1217 P. "prior"
1222 unknown "prior"; mentioned without name
1225 unknown "procurator"; mentioned without name
1225 Rembald "procurator"

Fourteenth century
Term Incumbent Monarch Notes Source
c. 1312 Loquetus Charles I "magister domorum [...] per Hungariam et Sclavoniam" [12]
c. 1315 Roland of Gragnana "magister per Hungariam et Sclavoniam"
c. 1319 Francis of Gragnana "magister cruciferorum domus hospitalis Jerosolimitane, dominus de Gran, procurator per Hungariam et Sclavoniam generalis in persona nostri superioris magni magistri"

References
  1. (Novak & Maštrović 1971, p. 213)
  2. (Balazs & Sebok 1999, p. 507)
  3. (Hunyadi & Laszlovszky 2001, p. 291):" the head of which was considered equal in rank to the bishops and enjoyed the same privileges) He had a permanent seat both in the..."
  4. (Hunyadi & Laszlovszky 2001, p. 291)
  5. (Hunyadi & Laszlovszky 2001, p. 291):"The Hungarian preceptories of the Order formed a priory, called the "Priory of Vrana" (prioratus Auranae), the head of which was considered equal in rank to the bishops and enjoyed the same privileges) He had a permanent seat both in the..."
  6. (Burgtorf & Nicholson 2006, p. 147)
  7. Hunyadi and Laszlovszky 2001, p. 287
  8. (Hunyadi & Laszlovszky 2001, p. 298)
  9. (Krokar 1973, p. 30)
  10. umjetnosti, Jugoslavenska akademija znanosti i (1962). Starine. p. 360.
  11. Hunyadi 2002, p. 74.
  12. Engel 1996, p. 80.

Sources
  • C. Tóth, Norbert; Horváth, Richárd; Neumann, Tibor; Pálosfalvi, Tamás (2016). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1458–1526, I. Főpapok és bárók [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1458–1526, Volume I: Prelates and Barons] (in Hungarian). MTA Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-4160-35-9.
  • Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301–1457, I. [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301–1457, Volume I] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
  • Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
  • Hunyadi, Zsolt (2002). "Cruciferi domus hospitalis per Hungáriám et Sclavoniam... A johanniták Magyarországon a 14. század végéig [Cruciferi domus hospitalis per Hungáriám et Sclavoniam... The Hospitallers in Hungary up to the End of the Fourteenth Century]". Aetas. AETAS Könyv- és Lapkiadó Egyesület. 17 (4): 52–76. ISSN 0237-7934.
  • Krokar, James P. (1973). "New Means to an Old End: Early Modern Maps in the Service of an Anti-Ottoman Crusade". Imago Mundi. 60: 23–38. doi:10.1080/03085690701669277.
  • Hunyadi, Zsolt; Laszlovszky, J¢zsef (1 January 2001). The Crusades and the Military Orders: Expanding the Frontiers of Medieval Latin Christianity. Central European University Press. ISBN 978-963-9241-42-8.
  • Burgtorf, Jochen; Nicholson, Helen J. (2006). International Mobility in the Military Orders (twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries): Traveling on Christ's Business. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-1512-2.
  • Novak, Grga; Maštrović, Vjekoslav (1971). Povijest Vrane. Institut Jugoslavenske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti.
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