Queen Gongwon

Posthumous name
	명덕왕태후; 明德王太后

Queen Gongwon
공원왕후
Queen Gongwon; 공원왕후
Queen consort of Goryeo; (1st)
Tenure	1313 – 1330
Predecessor	Princess Gyeguk
Successor	Princess Deoknyeong
Queen consort of Goryeo; (2nd)
Tenure	1332 – 1339
Predecessor	Princess Deoknyeong
Successor	Princess Deoknyeong
Queen regent of Goryeo
Born	18 July 1298; Kingdom of Goryeo
Died	January 1380 (aged 81); Kingdom of Goryeo
Spouse	King Chungsuk of Goryeo
Issue	King Chunghye of Goryeo; King Gongmin of Goryeo
Posthumous name
	명덕왕태후; 明德王太后
Clan	Namyang Hong clan
Father	Hong Gyu
Mother	Lady Kim

Queen Gongwon (25 August 1298 – 12 February 1380) also known as Queen Mother Myeongdeok was queen consort to king Chungsuk of Goryeo and the mother of king Chunghye of Goryeo and king Gongmin of Goryeo. She was from the Namyang Hong clan.

Biography

She was born on 25 August 1298 as the fifth daughter of Hong Gyu and Lady Kim of the Gwangju Kim clan. Royal Consort Sunhwa, one of the concubines of king Chungseon of Goryeo was her older sister. In 1313, she married with Chungsuk of Goryeo and she was promoted to the rank of Bi with the adjective Deok (Hangul: 덕비, Hanja: 德妃). Her father was given the title of “Internal Prince Namyang” (Hangul: 남양부원군), and her mother, “Princess Consort Gwangju of the Gwangju Kim clan” (Hangul: 광주군대부인 김씨, Hanja: 光州郡大夫人金氏).

In 1315, she gave birth to her first son, prince Wang Jeong.

In 1330, she gave birth to her second son, prince Wang Gi. King Chungsuk, who was allowed to return to Goryeo in 1325, passed the throne to King Chunghye in 1330 but was reinstated after two years because King Chunghye was deposed by Yuan. She was in a confrontation with Shin Don and frequently made remarks about the radical reform policies of Gongmin.

In particular, when she saw Gongmin killing several servants who were obstacles to the reform policy she reprove him. When Shin Don was killed relationship with her son was restored. Queen Gongwon died on 12 February 1380.

Family

Great-Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Hong Kwan (홍관, 洪灌)
Great-Great-Great-Grandfather
- Hong Ji-yoo (홍지유, 洪至柔)
Great-Great-Grandfather
- Hong Wong-jong (홍원중, 洪源中)
Great-Grandfather
- Hong Sa-yoon (홍사윤, 洪斯胤)
Great-Grandmother
- Lady Wang (왕씨, 王氏); daughter of Wang Sa-jong (왕사종, 王嗣宗)
Grandfather
- Hong Jin (홍진, 洪縉) (? - 15 December 1266)
Grandmother
- Lady Choi (최씨, 崔氏); daughter of Choi Gwang (최광, 崔日+兄) (1208 - 1229)
Father
- Hong Gyu (1242 – 23 June 1316) (홍규, 洪奎)
  - Aunt: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
    - Uncle: Ryu Seung (류승, 柳陞) (1248 - 1298)
  - Aunt: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
    - Uncle: Shin Jin (신진, 申瑱)
  - Aunt: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
    - Uncle: Choi Moon-rip (최문립, 崔文立) of the Cheolwon Choi clan (철원 최씨, 鐵原崔氏)[1]
      - Cousin: Choi Woon (최운, 崔雲) (1275 - 1325)
  - Aunt: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
    - Uncle: Kim Gae (김개, 金蓋)
Mother
- Princess Consort Gwangju of the Gwangju Kim clan (광주군대부인 김씨, 光州郡大夫人金氏) (1258 - 1339); Hong Gyu’s second wife
- Stepmother: Lady Im of the Jincheon Im clan (진천 임씨, 鎭川林氏)
Siblings
- Older brother: Hong Yong (홍융, 洪戒)
- Sister-in-law: Lady Ra of the Naju Ra clan (나주 라씨)[2]
  - Nephew: Hong Ju (홍주, 洪澍)
  - Nephew: Hong Yeon-pak (홍언박, 洪彦博) (1309 - 1363)
  - Nephew: Hong Yeon-yu (홍언유, 洪彦猷)
  - Nephew: Hong Yeon-su (홍언수, 洪彦脩)
- Older sister: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
  - Brother-in-law: Akutai (아쿠타이, 阿忽台) (ᠠᠬᠤᠲᠠᠢ) (? - 1307)
- Older sister: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
  - Brother-in-law: Jeong Hae (정해, 鄭瑎) (1254 - 1305)
- Older sister: Royal Consort Sunhwa Won-Bi of the Namyang Hong clan (? – 1306) (순화원비 홍씨, 順和院妃洪氏)
  - Brother-in-law: King Chungseon of Goryeo (충선왕, 忠宣王) (20 October 1275 - 23 June 1325)
- Older sister: Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan
  - Brother-in-law: Won Chung (원충, 元忠) (1290 - 1337)
Husband: King Chungsuk of Goryeo (30 July 1294 – 3 May 1339) (고려 충숙왕)
Children
- Son: King Chunghye of Goryeo (22 February 1315 – 30 January 1344) (고려 충혜왕)
  - Daughter-in-law: Princess Consort Deoknyeong of the Borjigin clan (? – 1375) (덕녕공주, 德寧公主)
  - Daughter-in-law: Royal Consort Hee-bi of the Papyeong Yun clan (희비 윤씨, 禧妃尹氏) (? - 1380)[3][4][5]
- Son: King Gongmin of Goryeo (23 May 1330 – 27 October 1374) (고려 공민왕)
  - Daughter-in-law: Queen Noguk of the Borjigin clan (? – 8 March 1365) (노국대장공주, 魯國大長公主)

References

명덕태후 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.

Preceded by Princess Gyeguk	Queen consort of Korea (1st tenure) 1313 – 1330	Succeeded by Princess Deoknyeong
Preceded by Princess Deoknyeong	Queen consort of Korea (2nd tenure) 1332 – 1339	Succeeded by Princess Deoknyeong

The Cheolwon Choi clan is also known as the Changwon Choi clan (창원 최씨, 昌原崔氏) or the Dongju Choi clan (동주 최씨, 東州崔氏)
The Naju Ra clan is later known as the Geumseong Ra clan (금성 라씨, 錦城羅氏) or as the Geumseong Na clan (금성 나씨, 錦城羅氏)
She is the second child of Yun Gye-jong (윤계종, 尹繼宗) (? - March 1396) and Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨)
Her mother, Lady Min, is the younger sister of Queen Wongyeong’s grandfather, Min Byeon
Her paternal uncle, Yun Ahn-suk, became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Jeonghui, the 4th great-grandfather of Queen Jeonghyeon, the 5th great-grandfather of Queen Janggyeong, and the 6th great-grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Wonhyeong.

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[1] The Cheolwon Choi clan is also known as the Changwon Choi clan (창원 최씨, 昌原崔氏) or the Dongju Choi clan (동주 최씨, 東州崔氏)

[2] The Naju Ra clan is later known as the Geumseong Ra clan (금성 라씨, 錦城羅氏) or as the Geumseong Na clan (금성 나씨, 錦城羅氏)

[3] She is the second child of Yun Gye-jong (윤계종, 尹繼宗) (? - March 1396) and Lady Min of the Yeoheung Min clan (여흥 민씨)

[4] Her mother, Lady Min, is the younger sister of Queen Wongyeong’s grandfather, Min Byeon

[5] Her paternal uncle, Yun Ahn-suk, became the great-great-grandfather of Queen Jeonghui, the 4th great-grandfather of Queen Jeonghyeon, the 5th great-grandfather of Queen Janggyeong, and the 6th great-grandfather of Queen Munjeong and Yun Wonhyeong.