RFE Phonetic Alphabet
The RFE Phonetic Alphabet, named for a journal of philology, Revista de Filología Española (RFE) is a phonetic alphabet originally developed in 1915 for the languages and dialects of Iberian origin, primarily Spanish. The alphabet was proposed by Tomás Navarro Tomás and adopted by the Centro de Estudios Históricos in Madrid for the RFE and by the Instituto de Filología de Buenos Aires.[1] It is used solely in works based on Hispanic themes, such as the Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI), as well as phonetics manuals. Additionally, this phonetic alphabet is taught at the universities of Spanish-speaking countries such as Mexico.[2]
Symbols
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | bondad | bon̹dáđ̥ | Voiced bilabial stop | b |
| p | padre | páđre | Voiceless bilabial stop | p |
| m | amar | amár | Voiced bilabial nasal | m |
| m̥ | mismo (And.) | mím̥mo | Voiceless bilabial nasal | m̥ |
| ƀ | haba | áƀa | Voiced bilabial fricative | β |
| ƀ̥ | las botas (And.) | la ƀ̥ótah | Voiceless bilabial fricative | ɸ |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| m̭ | confuso | kom̭fúṡo | Labiodental nasal | ɱ |
| f | fácil | fáθįl | Voiceless labiodental fricative | f |
| v | vida (emphatic) | víđa | Voiced labiodental fricative | v |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ḍ | cruz divina (emphatic) | krúẓ ḍiƀína | Voiced interdental stop | d̪͆ |
| ṭ | hazte acá | áθṭe aká | Voiceless interdental stop | t̪͆ |
| ṇ | onza | óṇθa | Interdental nasal | n̪͆ |
| ẓ | juzgar | xųẓǥár | ||
| θ | mozo | móθo | Voiceless interdental fricative | θ̪͆ |
| đ | rueda | r̄wéđa | Voiced interdental fricative | ð̪͆ |
| đ | tomado | tomáđo | Interdental approximant | ð̞ |
| đ̥ | verdad | bęrđáđ̥ | Voiceless interdental approximant | θ̞ |
| ḷ | calzado | kaḷθađo | Voiceless interdental lateral | l̪͆ |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| d | ducho | dúĉo | Voiced dental stop | d̪ |
| t | tomar | tomáɹ | Voiceless dental stop | t̪ |
| n̹ | monte | món̹te | Dental nasal | n̪ |
| z̹ | desde | déz̹đe | Voiced dental fricative | ð |
| s̹ | hasta | ás̹ta | Voiceless dental fricative | θ |
| l̹ | falda | fál̹da | Dental lateral approximant | l̪ |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | mano | mã́no | Alveolar nasal | n |
| n̥ | asno (And.) | án̥no | Voiceless alveolar nasal | n̥ |
| ŝ | chobu (W.Ast.) | ŝóƀu | Voiceless alveolar affricate | ʦ |
| z | los días (Mex.) | lo zíah | ||
| s | rosa (And.) | r̄osa | ||
| ż | rasgar | r̄ażǥáɹ | Voiced alveolar fricative | z |
| ṡ | casa | káṡa | Voiceless alveolar fricative | s |
| l | luna | lúna | Alveolar lateral approximant | l |
| l̥ | muslo (And.) | mųl̥lo | Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant | l̥ |
| r | hora | ǫ́ra | Alveolar flap | ɾ |
| r̥ | multitud | mųr̥titú | Voiceless alveolar flap | ɾ̥ |
| r̄ | carro | kár̄o | Alveolar trill | r |
| ɹ | color | kolǫ́ɹ | Alveolar approximant | ɹ |
| ɹ̊ | trigo (Mex.) | tɹ̊íǥo | Voiceless alveolar approximant | ɹ̥ |
| ɹ̱ | honra (Chil.), pondré (Mex.) | ónɹ̱a, põɹ̱é | Geminated voiced alveolar approximant | [ɹː] |
| ɹ̱̊ | perro (Chil.) | pę́ɹ̱̊o / pę́ɹ̱o | Geminated voiceless alveolar approximant | [ɹ̥ː] |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n̮ | año | án̮o | Palatal nasal | ɲ |
| ŷ | yugo | ŷúǥo | Voiced palatal affricate | ɟ͡ʝ |
| ĉ | mucho | múĉo | Voiceless postalveolar affricate | ʧ |
| ž | mayo (Arg.) | mažo | Voiced postalveolar fricative | ʒ |
| š | rexa (Ast.) | r̄eša | Voiceless postalveolar fricative | ʃ |
| y | mayo | máyo | Voiced palatal fricative | ʝ |
| ẙ | jefe (Chil.) | ẙefe / ẙjéfe | ||
| j | nieto | njéto | Palatal approximant | j |
| j̊ | inquieto | iŋ́ḱj̊éto / iŋ́ḱj̊eto | ||
| l̮ | castillo | kas̹tíl̮o | Palatal lateral approximant | ʎ |
| ÿ | subyugar | sųƀÿuǥáɹ |
| RFE | Example | Transcription |
|---|---|---|
| ǵ | guitarra | ǵitár̄a |
| ḱ | quimera | ḱiméra |
| ŋ́ | inquirir | iŋ́ḱirír |
| ǥ́ | seguir | ṡeǥ́iɹ |
| x́ | regir | r̄ex́ír |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| g | gustar | gųs̹táɹ | Voiced velar stop | g |
| k | casa | káṡa | Voiceless velar stop | k |
| ŋ | nunca | nṹŋka | Velar nasal | ŋ |
| ǥ | rogar | r̄oǥár | Voiced velar fricative | ɣ |
| x | jamás | xamás | Voiceless velar fricative | x |
| ł | malalt (Cat.) | məlạł | Velarized alveolar lateral approximant | ɫ |
| w | hueso | wéṡo | Voiced labio-velar approximant | w |
| w̥ | fuera (esp. enf.) | fw̥éra | Voiceless labio-velar approximant | ʍ |
| RFE | Example | Transcription |
|---|---|---|
| ŋ̇ | don Juan | doŋ̇ ẋwán |
| ǥ̇ | aguja | aǥ̇úxa |
| ẋ | enjuagar | eŋ̇ẋwaǥár |
| RFE | Example | Transcription | Consonant | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| h | horno (And.) | hǫ́rno | Voiceless glottal fricative | h |
| RFE | Description |
|---|---|
| į ę ǫ ų | Lowered |
| i e a o u | Unmarked vowels |
| ẹ ọ | Raised |
| ą | Fronted a |
| ạ | Backed a |
| ǫ̈ | Labialized ę |
| ö | Labialized e |
| ų̈ | Labialized į |
| ü | Labialized i |
| ə | Schwa |
| ĩ ã ũ õ, etc. | Nasalized vowels |
| á ó ę́ ã́ | Vowels with stress marker |
| aː oː lː sː mː nː, etc. | Long (Vowel Length or Gemination) |
| đ đ̥, etc. | Reduced sounds |
Sources
- RFE (1915) "Alfabeto fonético de la revista de filología española"; Revista de Filología Española 2: 374-376.
- Navarro Tomás, Tomás (1966) "El alfabeto fonético de la Revista de Filología Española"; Anuario de Letras 6: 5-19.
See also
References
- Pop 1950
- Cuétara Priede 2004, p. 46
Bibliography
- Alvar, Manuel; & Mouton, Pilar García. Textos Andaluces en Transcription fonética. Madrid : Editorial Gredos.
- Cuétara Priede, Javier. 2004. Fonética de la ciudad de México: Aportaciones desde las tecnologías del habla. México : Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
- Face, Timothy L. 2008. Guide to the Phonetic Symbols of Spanish. Sommerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
- García Mouton, Pilar; & Moreno Fernández, Francisco (dir.). 2003. « Alfabeto fonético y otros signos », in Atlas Lingüístico (y etnográfico) de Castilla - La Mancha, Universidad de Alcalá. <http://www2.uah.es/alecman>
- Llisterri, Joaquim. 2012. La Transcription fonética, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
- Navarro Tomás, Tomás. 1915. “Alfabeto fonético ”, in Revista de Filología Española, tomo 2, pp. 374–376.
- Navarro Tomás, Tomás. 1966. “El alfabeto fonético de la Revista de Filología Española”, in Anuario de Letras, tome 6, 1966, pp. 5–19.
- Martín Butragueño, Pedro. 2012. Fonología variable del español de México. sección Alfabeto fonético
- Pop, Sever. La dialectologie : aperçu historique et méthodes d'enquêtes linguistiques, J. Duculot, Louvain, 1950, 2 vol. (volumen 1 y volumen 2)
- El International Phonetic Alphabet y el de la RFE
External links
- Irabar, Alexander. La transcripción fonética: Comentarios y materiales.
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