RNAS Kingsnorth

RNAS Kingsnorth was a First World War Royal Navy air station for airships, initially operating as an experimental and training station, it later moved on to large scale production of airships. It also provided anti-submarine patrols. A number of experimental and prototype blimps were designed and tested there and until 1916, it was the lead airship training establishment in the Royal Naval Air Service.[1]

For other stations named RAF Kingsnorth, see RAF Kingsnorth.

RNAS Kingsnorth


RAF Kingsnorth
Summary
Airport typeMilitary
LocationKingsnorth, Isle of Grain
OpenedApril 1914
ClosedAugust 1921
CommanderCommander Neville Usborne RNVR
OccupantsRoyal Naval Air Service
Royal Air Force
Coordinates51°25′22″N 0°36′07″E
Map
RNAS Kingsnorth
Location in Kent

It was located at the southeastern coast of the Hoo Peninsula in Kent.[2]

It is not to be confused with RAF Kingsnorth, a separate airfield in southern Kent under RAF control before and during World War II.

Beginnings

In 1912 an airship station was procured by the Ministry of Defence to test and evaluate airships with Kingsnorth farm (later RNAS Kingsnorth) chosen as the location in 1913. Miskin, the landowner agreed to surrender his lease on Kingsnorth Farm so that an airship test hangar could be built. A further 81 and a half acres were later purchased from Miskin (Barton Farm) to allow the unrestricted manoeuvring of airships in the test phase.[3]

The air station initially received a German built Parseval PL-18 airship and undertook evaluations, where it received the service designation Naval Airship No. 4 (NA4).[4] Kingsnorth also received an Astra Torres airship.[5] Experiments were carried out including an unsuccessful attempt to launch a fighter aircraft from a non-rigid balloon.[6]

Royal Naval Air Service (1914-1918)
A HMA 3 Astra-Torres airship in its shed at RNAS Kingsnorth.

RNAS Kingsnorth was commissioned in April 1914 under the control of the Admiralty, first through the Naval Airship Branch, then through the Royal Naval Air Service when the Royal Navy reformed its air branch in July 1914.[7] The RNAS took over the base's two huge airship sheds and its development and training functions.

Flying Units

RNAS Kingsnorth initially used the first two airships: Astra Torres No. 3 and Parseval No.4, to escort troopships carrying the British Expeditionary Force to France in the summer of 1914.[8]

RNAS Kingsnorth was involved in the development and flight testing of non-rigid airships, with the SS-class airship (Submarine Scout) being the first type to operate from there, providing anti-submarine defences to the Thames Estuary and southeast coast.[9] The C-Class airship (Coastal Class) type followed, with aircrews trained at the site until the then-named RNAS Cranwell took over this role mid-war.[10]

By the start of 1915, there were less than 100 British airmen who could actually fly an airship. It was then decided that RNAS Kingsnorth would be used as a flying training station. Students who had completed the free ballooning courses and ground instruction at RNAS Wormwood Scrubs, would then be passed on to RNAS Kingsnorth for instruction at an operational airship station.

Intensive training was given to the pupils, and due to the operational requirements for qualified pilots, the initial stage was omitted and student aircrew found themselves on the immediate instruction course on an operational airship. Training was given in both theory and practice, with students completing courses in aeronautics, navigation, metrology, engineering, and practical flying. Instruction was given in Submarine Scout ships which were perfectly suited as they had a two-seater configured fuselage.[11]

Testing of the NS-class airship (North Sea) also took place at RNAS Kingsnorth, with successful flight trials first completed in February 1917.[12]

Aviation Support Units

By 1914, RNAS Kingsnorth was also home to a newly formed Naval Met Service, which provided weather information to airships operating locally over the North Sea.[13]

Royal Air Force (1918-1921)

On 1 April 1918 the Royal Flying Corps and the RNAS combined to form the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the station became known as RAF Kingsnorth before decommissioning in 1921.[14]

The site is now occupied by Kingsnorth Power Station.

See also

References
  1. "Archaeological and historical analysis by southern power" (PDF).
  2. RNAS Kingsnoth on Historic England PastScape
  3. "History and Archaeology by Southern Power on the Kingsnorth site" (PDF).
  4. "http://all-aero.com/index.php/61-lighter-than-air/7667-parseval-pl-18". External link in |title= (help)
  5. "https://www.airshipsonline.com/sheds/Kingsnorth.htm". External link in |title= (help)
  6. "https://webapps.kent.gov.uk/KCC.ExploringKentsPast.Web.Sites.Public/SingleResult.aspx?uid=Tke1054". External link in |title= (help)
  7. Naval Aviation History & FAA Origins - Fleet Air Arm Archive Archived 19 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "https://www.airshipsonline.com/sheds/Kingsnorth.htm". External link in |title= (help)
  9. "https://www.airshipsonline.com/sheds/Kingsnorth.htm". External link in |title= (help)
  10. "Airfields of Britain Conservation Trust - RNAS Kingsnorth".
  11. "https://www.airshipsonline.com/sheds/Kingsnorth.htm". External link in |title= (help)
  12. "North Sea Class airships".
  13. "https://www.fleetairarmoa.org/Content/sites/FAAOA/pages/164/FN100_ISSUE_5.PDF" (PDF). External link in |title= (help)
  14. "https://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=1458978#". External link in |title= (help)
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