Ralph Hanan

Josiah Ralph Hanan (13 June 1909 – 24 July 1969), known as Ralph Hanan, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was Mayor of Invercargill and then represented the Invercargill electorate in Parliament, following in his uncle Josiah Hanan's footsteps. He served in World War II and his injuries ultimately caused his death at age 60. He is best remembered for the abolition of the death penalty, which had been suspended by the Labour Party, but which National was to reintroduce. As Minister of Justice, it was Hanan's role to introduce the legislation to Parliament, but he convinced enough of his party colleagues to vote with the opposition and thus abolished the death penalty in New Zealand.

Ralph Hanan
Ralph Hanan, circa 1946
17th Minister of Health
In office 26 November 1954 – 12 December 1957
Prime Minister	Holland, Holyoake
Preceded by	Jack Marshall
Succeeded by	Rex Mason
20th Attorney-General
In office 12 December 1960 – 24 July 1969
Prime Minister	Holyoake
Preceded by	Rex Mason
Succeeded by	Jack Marshall
33rd Minister of Justice
In office 12 December 1960 – 24 July 1969
Prime Minister	Holyoake
Preceded by	Rex Mason
Succeeded by	Dan Riddiford
31st Minister of Maori Affairs
In office 12 December 1960 – 24 July 1969
Prime Minister	Holyoake
Preceded by	Walter Nash
Succeeded by	Duncan MacIntyre
Member of the New Zealand Parliament for Invercargill
In office 1946–1969
Preceded by	William Denham
Succeeded by	John Chewings
33rd Mayor of Invercargill
In office 1938–1941
Preceded by	John Miller
Succeeded by	John Robert Martin
Personal details
Born	13 June 1909 Invercargill, New Zealand
Died	24 July 1969 (aged 60) Australia
Resting place	Saint Johns Cemetery, Invercargill
Nationality	New Zealand
Political party	National
Relations	Josiah Hanan (uncle) Susanna Hanan (aunt)
Military service
Allegiance	New Zealand
Branch/service	New Zealand Army
Years of service	1941–1944
Rank	Captain
Unit	20th Battalion
Battles/wars	World War II  • Italian Campaign  • First Battle of El Alamein

Early life

Hanan was born in 1909 in Invercargill.[1] He was the son of the draper James Albert Hanan and his wife, Johanna Mary McGill. His uncle and aunt were Josiah and Susanna Hanan.[2] He received his education from Southland Boys' High School, Waitaki Boys' High School, and the University of Otago, from where he obtained an LLB.[1] He returned to Invercargill and practised law from 1935.[1] In 1939, he went into partnership with Ian Arthur, practising as Hanan Arthur and Company. In 1940, he enlisted for war service.[2]

On 3 March 1939, he married Ruby Eirene Anderson, known as Eirene, at Invercargill's St Paul's Presbyterian Church.[2]

Early political career

New Zealand Parliament
Years	Term	Electorate		Party
1946–1949	28th	Invercargill		National
1949–1951	29th	Invercargill		National
1951–1954	30th	Invercargill		National
1954–1957	31st	Invercargill		National
1957–1960	32nd	Invercargill		National
1960–1963	33rd	Invercargill		National
1963–1966	34th	Invercargill		National
1966–1969	35th	Invercargill		National

Hanan was elected to Invercargill City Council in 1935. Three years later, he was elected Mayor of Invercargill. He relinquished the position in 1941 so that he could participate in the war.[2][3] His uncle had previously been Mayor of Invercargill (1896–1897).[4]

War service

He served with the 20th Canterbury-Otago Battalion in the Middle East and in Italy. He was wounded at the outbreak of Minquar Qaim. He would have died had it not been for a truck driver who found him unconscious, put him onto the back of the lorry and took him away.[5] The injuries resulted in a serious lung condition that saw him sent home in 1944 as an invalid.[1] He had attained the rank of captain during the war.[2]

Post-war political career

He represented the Invercargill electorate in Parliament from 1946 to 1969, as had his uncle before him (1899–1925).[6] He held positions as Minister of Health (1954–1957), Minister of Immigration (1954–1957),[7] Attorney-General (1960–1969), Minister of Justice (1960–1969), Minister of Māori Affairs (1960–1969), and Minister of Island Territories (1963–1969).[8][9]

In 1961, Hanan and nine other National MPs (Ernest Aderman, Gordon Grieve, Duncan MacIntyre, Robert Muldoon, Lorrie Pickering, Logan Sloane, Brian Talboys, Esme Tombleson and Bert Walker) crossed the floor and voted with Labour to abolish the death penalty for murder in New Zealand. As Minister of Justice, it was his responsibility to introduce the law to Parliament, but he did so by saying that he disagreed with it.[2] He convinced enough of his party colleagues to vote with the opposition and thus abolished the death penalty in New Zealand, which is what he is best remembered for.[5]

In much of his political work, Hanan was able to read the mood of the public well and he was guided by this. On many occasions, he developed policy that was initially not accepted by his party colleagues, but he managed to talk them round to it.[2] One controversial piece of legislation that he introduced was the Maori Affairs Amendment Act 1967, which was bitterly opposed by many Māori, as they feared that it would lead to further loss of land.[10] Hanan belonged to the powerful inner circle of the Holyoake cabinet. When two of the inner circle, Hanan and Tom Shand (Minister of Labour), died within months of one another, Holyoake's strong position was weakened.[11]

Death

Hanan died on 24 July 1969, aged 60, after attending the annual conference of state attorneys general in Brisbane. He died in Cairns, Australia.[2] His relatively early death is linked to his war injuries.[5] He was buried at Invercargill's Saint Johns Cemetery.[12] An act was passed to avoid the need for a by-election before the general election on 29 November, the 'By-election Postponement Act 1969'.[13] His wife survived him by almost four decades and died on 26 July 2007; she is buried next to him.[14]

Notes

1. Gustafson 1986, p. 318.
2. Barton, G. P. "Hanan, Josiah Ralph - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
3. "Mayors down the years". Invercargill City Council. Archived from the original on 3 June 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
4. Lee, Gregory. "Hanan, Josiah Alfred - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 31 July 2012.
5. Bassett, Michael (17 September 2009). "Being a Liberal in New Zealand Politics". Archived from the original on 16 September 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
6. Wilson 1985, p. 202.
7. Wilson 1985, pp. 87–88.
8. Wilson 1985, p. 89.
9. New Zealand Parliamentary Debates, Vols. 341-361 (1964-1969).
10. "Ralph Hanan". Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 28 April 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
11. "National Party - Consensus and division". Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. 21 May 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
12. "Cemetery search". Invercargill City Council. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
13. "By-elections Postponement Act 1969 (1969 No 35)". New Zealand Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
14. "Cemetery search". Invercargill City Council. Retrieved 1 August 2012.

References

• Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.