Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus

Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus
	Texas long-nosed snake
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Rhinocheilus
Species:	R. lecontei
Subspecies:	R. l. tessellatus
Trinomial name
	Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus; Garman, 1883
Synonyms
	Rhinochilus lecontii ; Var. tessellatus ; – Boulenger, 1894[1];

Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus is a subspecies of nonvenomous colubrid snake, which is endemic to the western virginia United States and northern Mexico.

Common names: Texas long-nosed snake.

Geographic range

R. l. tessellatus is found in the United States, primarily in Texas, but also in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, and Kansas [[South Virginia , as well as in northern Mexico.

Description

The Texas long-nosed snake is a tricolor subspecies. Its color pattern consists of a cream-colored or white body, overlaid with black blotches, with red between the black. This color pattern gives it an appearance vaguely similar to that of a venomous coral snake, Micrurus tener or Micruroides euryxanthus. It has an elongated snout, to which its common name refers. It may grow to approximately 30 inches (76 cm) in total length (including tail); record 41 inches (104 cm).[2] In some western localities the red coloration can be greatly reduced, giving it a black and white banded appearance, and in other localities the red appears more orange or even pink in color. Rhinocheilus lecontei differs from all other harmless snakes in the United States by having undivided subcaudal plates.[3]

Unlike other subspecies of R. lecontei, this subspecies, R. l. tessellatus, has a sharp snout with a distinct upward tilt, and the rostral scale is raised above the level of the adjacent scales.[4]

Behavior

The Texas long-nosed snake is a shy, nocturnal burrowing subspecies.

Diet

R. l. tessellatus feeds on lizards and amphibians, sometimes smaller snakes and, infrequently, rodents.

Reproduction

Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus is oviparous, laying clutches of 4-9 eggs in the early summer, which hatch out in the late summer, or early fall.

Defense

The Texas long-nosed snake is not likely to bite; its primary defense is to release a foul smelling musk, or blood[5] from the cloaca as a defense mechanism if harassed.

Conservation status

This subspecies, R. l. tessellatus, holds no federal conservation status and no status through most of its range, but it is considered to be vulnerable in Kansas and Oklahoma, and critically endangered in Colorado. Primary threats are from habitat destruction.

References

Boulenger, G.A. 1894. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). London. xi + 382 pp. + Plates I.- XX. (Rhinochilus lecontii Var. tessellatus, p. 213.)
Conant, Roger. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America: Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. 429 pp. (Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus, pp. 212-213 + Plate 31 + Map 159.)
Schmidt, K.P., and D.D. Davis. 1941. Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. G.P. Putnam's Sons. New York. 365 pp. (Rhinocheilus lecontei, pp. 194–196, Figure 61. + Plate 21.)
Smith, H.M., and Edmund D. Brodie, Jr. 1982. Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. Golden Press. New York. 240 pp. ISBN 0-307-13666-3. (Rhinocheilus lecontei tessellatus, p. 164.)
McCoy, C.J., Jr., and A.V. Bianculli. 1966. "Defensive behavior of Rhinocheilus lecontei ". Journal of the Ohio Herpetological Society 5 (4): 166.