Richard Blanton

Richard E. Blanton (born November 16, 1943)[3] is an American anthropologist, archaeologist, and academic. He is most renowned for his archaeological field and theoretical research into the development of civilizations in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, particularly those from the central Mexican plateau and Valley of Oaxaca regions. Blanton taught at Rice University and Hunter College of the City University of New York before joining the faculty at Purdue University in 1976. He is currently (as of 2017) Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Purdue's College of Liberal Arts.

Richard E. Blanton
Born (1943-11-16) November 16, 1943
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Michigan (PhD 1970)
Known for• Mesoamerican early state formation
• excavations at Monte Albán
• economic anthropology
• cross-cultural research
AwardsFellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Scientific career
Fieldsanthropology, archaeology
InstitutionsPurdue University, Indiana USA
Academic advisorsKent V. Flannery[1]
Notable studentsGary M. Feinman,[2] Field Museum

Laura Finsten, McMaster University

Peter N. Peregrine, Lawrence University

Blanton helped to develop full coverage survey methods, which he and colleagues applied to the Valley of Oaxaca to help understand the evolution of the Monte Alban state.[4] The particular method developed by Blanton and his students influenced a generation of archaeologists and are still widely used today.[5]

Due to his interest in regional survey, Blanton helped to introduce methods of spatial analysis into archaeology. In particular he took an application of graph theory used by architects evaluate movement through buildings and developed it into a method for analyzing prehistoric houses and communities.[6] He was able to demonstrate that variation in the layout of houses and communities was associated with wealth differences. In addition, Blanton's method was used to develop a measure of prehistoric warfare frequency that has proven useful in a number of settings.[7]

Blanton was an early proponent of world-systems theory, and actively applied it to the evolution of Mesoamerican polities.[8] Although this work was criticized at the time,[9] it was further developed an employed by many scholars [10]

Blanton also helped to develop dual processual theory,[11] Dual-processual theory posits that political leaders employ one of two basic processes to build and maintain power. Using the first, called a “network” strategy, political leaders use ties to other polities, supernatural powers, or sources of esoteric knowledge and goods to build power, and maintain it by excluding others from access to those sources of power. Using the second, called a “corporate” strategy, political leaders use the bonds of kinship and social groups to build power, sharing access to those groups broadly, but positioning him or herself as the “first among equals.” These are not intended to be seen as exclusive categories, but rather as ends of a continuum of political strategy. Dual-processual theory has had significant impact on archaeological thought.[12]

Notes
  1. Marcus & Flannery (2000, p.404)
  2. Marcus & Flannery (2000, p.404)
  3. Date information sourced from Library of Congress Authorities data, via corresponding WorldCat Identities linked authority file (LAF).
  4. Richard Blanton et al., Monte Alban’s Hinterland (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Museum, 1982) ISBN 978-0-932206-91-6
  5. Suzanne Fish, The Archaeology of Regions: The Case for Full Coverage Survey (New York: Percheron Press, 2009) ISBN 978-0-9797731-0-5
  6. Richard Blanton, Houses and Households: A Comparative Study, (New York: Plenum, 1994) ISBN 0-306-44444-5
  7. Peter N. Peregrine, "An Archaeological Correlate of War," North American Archaeologist, Volume 14, Issue 2, pages 139-151, 1993
  8. Richard Blanton and Gary Feinman, “The Mesoamerican World-System,” American Anthropologist 86:673-682, 1984
  9. Philip Kohl, “The Use and Abuse of World-Systems Theory,” Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 11: 1-35, 1987
  10. Peter N. Peregrine and Gary Feinman, eds., Pre-Columbian World-Systems (Madison: Prehistory Press, 1996) ISBN 978-1-881094-16-6
  11. Blanton et al., “A Dual-Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization,” Current Anthropology 37(1):1-14, 1996
  12. Barbara Mills, ed. Alternative Leadership Strategies in the Prehispanic Southwest (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2000) ISBN 978-0-8165-2028-2

References
  • Marcus, Joyce; Kent V. Flannery (2000). "Cultural Evolution in Oaxaca: The Origins of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations". In Richard E.W. Adams; Murdo J. Macleod (eds.). The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol. II: Mesoamerica, part 1. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 358–406. ISBN 0-521-35165-0. OCLC 33359444.
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